Isoniazid
- Tuberculosis (TB)
- Requires Catalase Peroxidase
- Decreases Mycolic Acid Synthesis
- Fast vs Slow Acetylators
- B6 Deficiency
- Neurotoxicity
- Hepatotoxicity
- Drug-induced Lupus
Ethambutol
- Bacteriostatic
- Blocks Arabinosyltransferase
- Arabinosyltransferase Polymerizes Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrate Polymers Make Mycobacterium TB Cell Wall
- Red/Green Color Blindness
- Reversible with Drug Discontinuation
Amphotericin B Side Effects & Toxicity
- Fever/Chills "Shake and Bake"
- Nephrotoxicity
- Milder with Liposomes
- Hypotension
- Anemia
- IV Phlebitis
- Arrhythmias
Griseofulvin
- Disrupts Microtubules in Mitosis
- Antifungal for Superficial Infections
- Tinea and Ringworm
- Teratogen
- P450 Inducer
- Confusion
- Headache
Atropine
- Blocks DUMBBeLSS
- Bradycardia
- Skin Flushing
- Increased Temperature
- Dry Mouth
- Cycloplegia
- Disorientation
- Mydriasis
Acute Digoxin Toxicity
- Hyperkalemia
- Cholinergic (Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea)
- Blurry Yellow Green Vision with Halo of Light
- Arrhythmia
- Bradycardia
- Prolonged PR interval
- Decreased QT
- Scooping on EKG
- T Wave Inversion
Metformin
- Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
- Decreased Gluconeogenesis
- Increased Insulin Sensitivity
- Lactic Acidosis
- GI Distress
- Weight Loss
- B12 Deficiency
- GFR < 30 ml/min
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
- "-prazole" Suffix
- Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
- Gastritis
- Peptic Ulcer
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
- Inhibit H+/K+/ATPase
- Hip fracture
- Pneumonia
Methotrexate
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Cancer
- Medical Abortion
- Folic Acid Analog
- Inhibits Dihydrofolate Reductase
- Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Myelosuppression is Treated with Leucovorin Rescue (Folinic Acid)
- Macrocytic Anemia
- Hepatitis
- Teratogenic
- Mucositis
NSAIDs
- Anti-inflammatory
- Analgesic
- Fever
- Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
- Reversible Inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2
- Block Prostaglandin Synthesis
- Interstitial Nephritis
- Gastric Ulcer
- Renal Ischemia
Topiramate
- Seizure Treatment
- Migraine Prophylaxis
- Increase GABA Action
- Blocks Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels
- Kidney Stones
- Weight Loss
- Sedation
Penicillin
- Gram Positive
- Spirochetes
- Bind PBPs
- Block Transpeptidase Cross-linking of Cell Wall
- Activate Autolytic Enzymes
- Bactericidal
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Beta-lactamase Sensitive
Tramadol
- Chronic Pain
- Weak Opioid
- Inhibit Serotonin and NE reuptake
- Increased Risk of Seizure
Cephalosporins Overview
- Beta lactam drug
- Inhibits cell wall synthesis
- Bactericidal
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Vitamin K Deficiency
- Disulfiram like reaction with Alcohol
- Increased Nephrotoxicity of Aminoglycosides
Bupropion
- Depression
- Smoking Cessation
- Increase Dopamine and NE
- Stimulant Side Effects
- Seizure
Vancomycin Side Effects & Toxicity
- Thrombophlebitis
- Nephrotoxicity
- Ototoxicity
- Diffuse Flushing Called Red Man Syndrome
- Prevent with Antihistamine
- Prevent with Slow Infusion
ACE Inhibitor Toxicity
- CAPTOPRIL Mnemonic
- Cough
- Angioedema
- Potassium Changes (Hyperkalemia)
- Taste Change
- Hypotension
- Pregnancy Changes
- Rash
- Increased Renin
- Lower Angiotensin II
Aminoglycosides
- Gentamicin
- Neomycin for Bowel Surgery Prep
- Amikacin
- Tobramycin
- Streptomycin
- Bactericidal
- Inhibit Formation of Initiation Complex
- Cause Misreading of mRNA
- Require O2 for Uptake
- Resistance by Transferase Enzymes
- Acetylation
- Phosphorylation
- Adenylation
- Gram-Negative Rod Infections
- Synergistic with B-Lactam Antibiotics
- Nephrotoxicity Especially When Used with Cephalosporins
- Ototoxicity Especially When Used with Loop Diuretics
- Teratogen
Tardive Dyskinesia
- Bizarre Facial Movements
- Bizarre Tongue Movement
- Increased Extremity Movements
- Stiff Neck
- Dysphagia
- Stop Medication
- AIMS
Metronidazole
- Bactericidal
- Forms Free Radical Toxic Metabolites
- Damages DNA
- Giardia lamblia
- Entamoeba Histolytica
- Trichomonas
- Gardnerella
- Anaerobes
- Metallic taste
- Disulfiram like Reaction with Alcohol
Loop Diuretics
- Thick Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle
- Inhibits Na+-K+-2Cl- Symporter
- Sulfa Drug
- Furosemide
- Lasix
- Gout
- Ototoxicity
- Hypocalcemia
- Hypokalemia