Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Mechanism and Deficiency
- Cobalamin
- Large reserve pool in the liver
- Homocysteine to methionine
- Methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA
- Macrocytic Megaloblastic Anemia
- Hypersegmented Neutrophils
- Neurologic defects
- Posterior column
- Lateral corticospinal tract
- Spinocerebellar tract
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency Causes
- Vegans
- Pernicious Anemia
- Gastric Bypass Surgery
- Malabsorption
- Sprue
- Enteritis
- Crohn's Disease
- Diphyllobothrium latum
Diphyllobothrium Latum
- Cestode (Tapeworm)
- Ingestion of Larvae from Raw Fish
- Competes for Vitamin B12
- Megaloblastic Anemia
- Praziquantel
Vitamin C Mechanism and Deficiency
- Ascorbic acid
- Antioxidant
- Protects Against Free Radicals
- Keeps Iron in Reduced State
- Hydroxylation of Proline and Lysine
- Necessary for Dopamine B Hydroxylase
- Scurvy
- Swollen Gums
- Bruising
- Poor Wound Healing
- Hemarthrosis
- Perifollicular Hemorrhages
- Anemia
Methemoglobinemia Diagnosis and Management
- Cyanosis
- Respiratory Distress
- Headache
- Lethargy
- "Chocolate-colored Blood"
- Decreased Oxygen Saturation
- Normal Partial Pressure of Arterial O2 (PaO2)
- Identify Triggers
- Methylene Blue
- Vitamin C
- Exchange Transfusion