Polymyositis / Dermatomyositis Disease
- Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy
- More Common in Women
- Endomysial Inflammation with CD8+ Cells (Polymyositis)
- Perimysial Inflammation with CD4+ Cells (Dermatomyositis)
- Symmetric Proximal Muscle Weakness
- Dysphagia
- Lung and Cardiac Involvement
- Malar Rash
- Shawl-like Shoulder Rash
- Gottron Papules on Knuckles
- Heliotrope Rash
Acanthosis Nigricans
- Endocrine Disorders
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Obesity
- Malignancy
- Velvety Plaques
- Dark, Thickened Flexural Areas
- Hyperkeratosis with Melanocytes
- Treat Underlying Disorder
Meningioma
- Most Common Adult Primary Brain Tumor
- Benign
- Originate from Arachnoid Villi
- Dural Attachment
- Parasagittal
- Contralateral Leg Weakness
- Seizures
- Psammoma Bodies
- Calcifications
- Increased Bone Density
Cushing's Syndrome Characteristics
- More Common in Women
- Glucocorticoids
- Decreased ACTH
- Primary Adrenal Disease
- Increased ACTH
- Pituitary Adenoma (Cushing's Disease)
- Paraneoplastic: Small Cell Carcinoma
- CRF-releasing Tumors
Hypercalcemia
- > 10.5 mg/dL Ca2+
- Pathologic Fractures
- Lethargy
- Hypercoagulation
- Constipation
- ECG Changes
- QT Shortening
- No Calcium Intake
- Chelating Drugs
- Calcitonin
- Bisphosphonates
- Loop Diuretics instead of Thiazide Diuretics
- Increased Risk for Renal Calculi
- Increase Fluids
Hyponatremia
- < 135 mEq Na+
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Decreased LOC
- Confusion / Lethargy
- Seizures
- Assess Airway
- Reduce Diuretic Dosage
- Mannitol (Osmitrol)
- Fluid Restriction
- Hypertonic Solution (3% or 5% NaCl)
Polycythemia Vera Disease
- JAK2 Mutation leading to increased red blood cells
- Tyrosine Kinase
- Erythromelalgia
- Pruritus
- Often After Hot Shower
- Headache
- Phlebotomy
- Aspirin
Lambert-Eaton Syndrome
- Autoantibody to the Presynaptic Calcium Channel on Motor Neurons
- Inhibits Acetylcholine (ACh) Release at Neuromuscular Junction
- Paraneoplastic Syndrome
- Small Cell Lung Cancer
- Proximal Muscle Weakness
- Improves with Muscle Use
- Autonomic Symptoms
- Extraocular Muscle Sparing
Myasthenia Gravis
- Antibodies to Acetylcholine Receptor
- Ptosis
- Diplopia
- Weakness with Muscle Use
- Respiratory Death
- Thymus Associated
- Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
- Plasmapheresis
- Thymectomy
Ovarian Cystadenocarcinoma
- Non-germ Cell Tumor
- Mucinous
- Peritoneal Spread
- Serous
- Psammoma Bodies
- Bilateral
- Malignant
- Stromal Invasion
- CA 125
- BRCA-1 and Lynch Syndrome
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
- Most Common Thyroid Cancer
- Excellent Prognosis
- Lymphatic Spread
- Orphan Annie Nuclei
- Empty Nuclei with Central Clearing
- Psammoma Bodies
- Head and Neck Radiation
- RET and BRAF Mutations
- Gardner Syndrome
- Cowden Syndrome