Ace Your First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2022) Classes and Exams with Picmonic: #1 Visual Mnemonic Study Tool for Medicine (MD/DO) Students
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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2022) | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid
Mesenteric Ischemia
- Signs and Symptoms
- Severe Abdominal Pain
- Bloody Diarrhea
- Metabolic Acidosis
- Diagnosis
- Increased WBC
- Increased Lactate (Lactic Acid)
- X-ray
- Air Within Bowel Wall
- CT Angiography
- Bowel Wall Edema
- Treatment
- Antibiotics
- Emergent Surgical Intervention
2 mins
Intestinal Obstruction
- Partial/Early Obstruction
- Severe Abdominal Pain
- Vomiting
- High Pitched Bowel Sounds
- Abdominal Distention
- Increased Peristalsis
- Total/Neurogenic Obstruction
- Absent Bowel Sounds
- Paralytic Ileus
1 min
Types of Intestinal Obstruction
- Mechanical
- Adhesions
- Hernia
- Volvulus
- Intussusception
- Tumor
- Non-Mechanical
- Mesenteric Artery Occlusion
- Spinal Injury
- Paralytic Ileus
2 mins
Necrotizing Fasciitis Pathophysiology and Characteristics
- Bacterial Infection of Muscle Fascia and Subcutaneous Fat
- Polymicrobial or Monomicrobial
- Polymicrobial: Anaerobe + Gram Negative Enterobacteriaceae
- Monomicrobial: Group A Streptococcus or Staph Aureus
- Clinical Manifestations
- Edema Extending Beyond Erythema
- Crepitus
- Pain Out of Proportion (POOP)
- Anesthesia Over Affected Area (Late Finding)
5 mins
Necrotizing Fasciitis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Diagnosis/Workup
- Usually a Clinical Diagnosis
- Soft Tissue Gas On CT
- Management
- Emergent Surgical Debridement
- Vasopressors and Fluids
- IV Immune Globulin If Strep Toxic Shock Syndrome
- Antibiotic Regimen
- Carbapenem Or Piperacillin-Tazobactam
- PLUS Clindamycin
- PLUS MRSA Coverage
4 mins
Volvulus Characteristics and Presentation
- Characteristics
- Bowel Torsion
- Bowel Infarction
- Sigmoid Colon and Cecum
- Clinical Features
- Small Bowel Obstruction
- Abdominal Pain
- Unstable Vital Signs
- Peritonitis
2 mins
Volvulus Diagnosis and Management
- Diagnosis
- Abdominal X-ray
- Coffee Bean Sign
- Kidney Bean Sign
- Abdominal CT Scan
- Whirl Sign
- Barium Enema
- Bird's Beak Sign
- Management
- Fluid Resuscitation
- Surgery
- Consider Antibiotics
3 mins
Necrotizing Enterocolitis Diagnosis and Management
- Diagnosis
- Complete Blood Count (CBC)
- Blood Cultures
- Pneumatosis Intestinalis
- Increased Bowel Wall Thickness
- Management
- NPO with NG Tube to Suction
- Broad Spectrum Antibiotics
- Surgery
2 mins
Necrotizing Enterocolitis Characteristics and Clinical Features
- Characteristics
- Bowel Wall Inflammation
- Prematurity
- Early Clinical Features
- Failure to Thrive
- Vomiting
- Rectal Bleeding
- Late Clinical Features
- GI Perforation
- Peritonitis
- Sepsis and Shock
2 mins
Angiodysplasia
- Pathophysiology
- Tortuous Dilation of Vessels
- Fragile Blood Vessels
- Right-Sided Colon
- Signs and Symptoms
- Hematochezia
- Painless
- Diagnosis
- Endoscopy
- Angiography
- Associations
- Von Willebrand Disease
- Aortic Stenosis
- Elderly
- Chronic Renal Failure
- Treatment
- Supportive
- Surgery
2 mins
Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia
- Pathophysiology
- Intestinal Angina
- Atherosclerosis
- Celiac Artery
- Superior Mesenteric Artery
- Inferior Mesenteric Artery
- Sign and Symptoms
- Postprandial Epigastric Pain
- Weight Loss
- Diagnosis
- Angiography
- Treatment
- Anticoagulation
- Surgery
2 mins
