Ace Your First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2023) Classes and Exams with Picmonic: #1 Visual Mnemonic Study Tool for Medicine (MD/DO) Students
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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2023) | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid
Digoxin Mechanism and Indication
- Direct inhibition of Na K ATPase
- Indirect inhibition of Na Ca exchanger
- Increase Ca in cell
- Positive Inotropy
- CHF
- Stimulates Vagus Nerve
- Decreased conduction at AV node
- Atrial Fibrillation
1 min
Acute Digoxin Toxicity
- Clinical Symptoms
- Hyperkalemia
- Cholinergic (Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea)
- Blurry Yellow Green Vision with Halo of Light
- Arrhythmia
- Bradycardia
- EKG Changes
- Prolonged PR interval
- Decreased QT
- Scooping on EKG
- T Wave Inversion
2 mins
Digoxin Toxicity Treatment
- Activated Charcoal
- Slowly Normalize K+
- Digibind (Anti-Digoxin Fab)
- Magnesium Sulfate
- Lidocaine
- Cardiac Pacing
2 mins
Class I Antiarrhythmics (Na+ Channel Blockers) Overview
- Indications
- Arrhythmias
- Local Anesthesia
- Mechanism of Action
- Block or Slow Conduction
- Block Na+ Channels
- Raise Threshold
- State Dependent
- Contraindication
- Hyperkalemia
1 min
Class IA Antiarrhythmics (Na+ Channel Blockers)
- Indications
- Arrhythmias
- Mechanism of Action
- Increase AP, ERP, and QT interval.
- Drugs
- Disopyramide
- Procainamide
- Drug-induced Lupus
- Quinidine
- Cinchonism
- Shared Side Effects
- Thrombocytopenia
- Torsades de Pointes
1 min
Class IB Antiarrhythmics (Na+ Channel Blockers)
- Indications
- Arrhythmias
- After Myocardial Infarction
- Mechanism of Action
- Affect Ischemic Tissue
- Decrease AP duration
- Drugs
- Mexiletine
- GI Upset
- Lidocaine
- CNS Depression
- Tocainide
- Phenytoin
- Hirsutism
2 mins
