Ace Your First Aid for the USMLE Step 2 CK (10th Ed.) Classes and Exams with Picmonic: #1 Visual Mnemonic Study Tool for Medicine (MD/DO) Students
With Picmonic, facts become pictures. We've taken what the science shows - image mnemonics work - but we've boosted the effectiveness by building and associating memorable characters, interesting audio stories, and built-in quizzing. Whether you're studying for your classes or getting ready for a big exam, we're here to help.
First Aid for the USMLE Step 2 CK (10th Ed.) | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid
Visual Field Defects - Anatomy Overview
- Optic Nerve
- Vision Loss in One Eye
- Optic Chiasm
- Bitemporal Hemianopia - Both Eyes Outside Vision Loss
- Optic Tract
- Homonymous Hemianopia - Both Eyes Same Side
- Dorsal Optic Radiation
- Lower Quadrantic Vision Loss
- Meyer's Loop
- Upper Quadrantic Vision Loss
2 mins
Visual Field Defects - Homonymous Hemianopia
- Visual Field Abnormality
- Homonymous Hemianopia
- Vision Loss - Both Eyes Same Side
- Location of Lesion
- Optic Tract
- Parietal Lobe
1 min
Visual Field Defects - Right Anopia
- Visual Field Abnormality
- Right Anopia
- Complete Vision Loss in 1 Eye
- Location of Lesion
- Right Optic Nerve
- Causes
- Retinoblastoma
- Gliomas
41 secs
Visual Field Defects - Bitemporal Hemianopia
- Visual Field Abnormality
- Bitemporal Hemianopia
- Both Eyes Outside Vision Loss
- Tunnel Vision
- Location of Lesion
- Optic Chiasm
- Causes
- Suprasellar Compression
- Pituitary Adenoma
- Craniopharyngioma
1 min
Visual Field Defects - Left Upper Quadrantic Anopia
- Visual Field Abnormality
- Left Upper Quadrantic Anopia
- Pie in the Sky
- Location of Lesion
- Meyer's Loop
- Right Temporal Lobe
- Cause
- Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) Infarct
1 min
Visual Field Defects - Left Lower Quadrantic Anopia
- Visual Field Abnormality
- Left Lower Quadrantic Anopia
- Pie on the Floor
- Location of Lesion
- Dorsal Optic Radiation
- Parietal Lobe
- Causes
- Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) Infarct
1 min
Visual Field Defects - Left Hemianopia with Macular Sparing
- Visual Field Abnormality
- Left Hemianopia with Macular Sparing
- Vision Loss - Same Side in Both Eyes
- Center Spared
- Location of Lesion
- Occipital Lobe
- Causes
- Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) Infarct
1 min
Closed-Angle Glaucoma
- Primary
- Lens causes pupillary obstruction
- Aqueous humor builds behind iris
- Iris bends forward, obstructing trabecular mesh
- Secondary
- Hypoxia Causes Neovascular Proliferation
- Contraction and obstruction of trabecular mesh
- Chronic disease (Crone)
- Asymptomatic
- Acute Disease
- Eye pain and blindness
- Rock-hard eye
- Headache
- Emergency
- Epinephrine contraindicated
2 mins
Open-Angle Glaucoma
- Humor Has Access to Trabecular Meshwork
- Presentation
- Painless
- African American
- Elderly
- Positive Family History
- Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
- Most Common Form of Glaucoma
- Unknown Mechanism
- Secondary Open-Angle Glaucoma
- Blocked Trabecular Meshwork (With Open-Angle)
- WBCs
- Red Blood Cells (RBC)
- Retinal Products
2 mins
Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG - Chronic)
- Mechanism
- Flow of Aqueous Humor Slowed
- Signs and Symptoms
- Slow Onset
- No Pain
- Tunnel Vision
- IOP 22-32mm Hg
- Considerations
- Drug Therapy
1 min
Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma (PACG - Acute)
- Mechanism
- Rapid Increase in IOP
- Signs and Symptoms
- Rapid Onset
- Pain
- Blurred Vision
- Halos Around Lights
- Nausea and Vomiting
- IOP over 30 mm Hg
- Considerations
- Drug Therapy
- Surgery
1 min
Cataract
- Mechanism
- Age-related
- Assessment
- No Pain
- Cloudy Opaque Lens
- Decreased Visual Acuity
- Occurs Gradually
- Treatment
- Surgery
1 min
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
- Mechanism
- Dry (nonexudative)
- Wet (exudative)
- Signs and Symptoms
- Scotomas
- Blurred, Darkened Vision
- Loss of Central Vision
- Distortion of Vision
- Considerations
- Drug Therapy
- Surgery
- Low-vision Assistive Devices
2 mins
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
- Etiology
- Atherosclerosis
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis
- Clinical Features
- Sudden Painless Monocular Vision Loss
- Descending Curtain
- Fundoscopic Findings
- Retinal Plaques
- Grayish Retinal Discoloration
- Cherry Red Spot on Macula
- Diagnosis
- Ultrasound
- Interventions
- Ocular Massage
- Reduce Intraocular Pressure
3 mins
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
- Etiologies
- Hypercoagulability
- Hypertension
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Clinical Features
- Non-Ischemic
- Mild to Moderate Vision Loss
- Sparse Dot-blot and Flame Hemorrhages
- Ischemic
- Sudden, Painless Vision Loss
- "Blood and Thunder" Appearance
- Cotton Wool Spots
- Papilledema
- Interventions
- Observation if Non-Ischemic
- Laser Photocoagulation
- VEGF Inhibitors
3 mins
Uveitis Overview
- Characteristics
- Uvea
- Middle Layer of Eye
- Iris
- Ciliary Body
- Choroid
- Location
- Anterior Uveitis
- Inflammation of Iris or Ciliary Body
- Posterior Uveitis
- Inflammation of Vitreous, Choroid, or Retina
2 mins
Retinoblastoma
- Characteristics
- Loss of Heterozygosity
- Chromosome 13
- Children
- Presentation
- Leukocoria
- Strabismus
- Vision Loss
- Association
- Osteosarcoma
- Diagnosis
- Genetic Testing
- Management
- Cryotherapy
- Photocoagulation
- Chemotherapy or Radiation
- Surgery
3 mins
