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First Aid for the USMLE Step 2 CK (10th Ed.) | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid

Otitis Media Assessment

Red or Bulging Tympanic Membrane

Ear Pain

Pulling at Ear

Fever

Upper Respiratory Infection

More Common in Young Children

Eustachian Tube Narrower

Conductive Hearing Loss

Smoking Increases Risk

2 mins

Otitis Media Interventions

Antipyretics

Analgesics

Antibiotics

Irrigation

Position on Affected Side

Myringotomy

Tympanostomy Tube

2 mins

Streptococcus Pneumoniae Disease

Sickle Cell Anemia

Sepsis in Patients with Splenectomy

Rusty Sputum

MOPS

Meningitis

Otitis Media

Pneumonia

Sinusitis

2 mins

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Assessment

Viral Infection Affecting Epithelial Cells

Begins After a Upper Respiratory Infection

Copious Secretions

Coughing and Sneezing

Wheezing

Otitis Media or Conjunctivitis (Possible Ear or Eye Drainage)

Poor Feeding

Tachypnea

2 mins

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Interventions

Palivizumab (Synagis)

Hospitalization

Contact Precautions

Oxygen

Separate Room

Maintain Fluid Intake

Short-acting Beta-Agonist Bronchodilator

2 mins

Ribavirin

Hypermutation in RNA Viruses

Inhibits Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase

Hepatitis C

Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

Hemolytic Anemia

Teratogen

1 min

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)

Parainfluenza Virus

3 Months to 3 Years

Nighttime

Barking Seal Cough

Inspiratory Stridor

Cool Humidified Air

Dexamethasone

Racemic Epinephrine

2 mins

Parainfluenza Virus

Paramyxovirus

Croup

Barking Seal Cough

Inspiratory Stridor

Steeple Sign

2 mins

Epiglottitis Assessment

Haemophilus Influenzae

Drooling

Fever

Stridor

Restlessness

Dyspnea

Cough

Tripod Position

Emergency Treatment

Do Not Examine Throat

2 mins

Epiglottitis Interventions

Maintain Airway

Upright/Sitting Position

Humidified Oxygen

Intubation/Tracheostomy Supplies At Bedside

IV Antibiotics

Decrease Anxiety

NPO

Vaccine

Restrain to Prevent Extubation

2 mins

Haemophilus Influenzae Disease

Pneumonia

Cherry Red Epiglottitis

Meningitis

Otitis Media

COPD Exacerbation

Thumbprint Sign (on X-ray)

Rifampin Prophylaxis

Ceftriaxone

2 mins

Meningitis Assessment

Nausea and Vomiting

Fever

Nuchal Rigidity

Severe Headache

Purpura

Seizures

Photophobia

Opisthotonus Position

High-Pitched Cry

Bulging Fontanel

2 mins

Meningitis Interventions

IV Antibiotics

Dexamethasone

Analgesics

Antipyretics

Closely Monitor for Increased ICP

Bed Rest

Preventative Vaccinations

Droplet-Airborne Precautions

2 mins

Common Causes of Meningitis: Newborn (0-6 Months)

Group B Streptococci

E. coli

Listeria monocytogenes

1 min

Common Causes of Meningitis: Children (6 Months - 6 Years)

Enteroviruses

Neisseria meningitidis

Haemophilus influenzae Type B

Streptococcus pneumoniae

2 mins

Bordetella pertussis

Gram-Negative

Coccobacillus

Bordet-Gengou Agar

ADP Ribosylating AB Toxin

Inhibits Gi to cause Increase in cAMP

Lymphocytosis

Increase in Insulin

Catarrhal Phase is Infectious Period

Paroxysmal Phase is Symptomatic Period

Whooping Cough

Macrolides

4 mins

Erythema Infectiosum (Fifths Disease)

Human Parvovirus B19

Cold-like Symptoms

Three Stage Rash

Slapped Face

Maculopapular Red Spots on Trunk

Rash Reappears

Aplastic Crisis

Joint Pain and Swelling

2 mins

Parvovirus B19

DNA

Single Stranded

Linear

Smallest DNA virus

Non-enveloped

5th Disease

Slapped Cheek Rash in Children

Erythema Infectiosum

Hydrops Fetalis

RBC aplasia

Arthritis in Adults

Aplastic Crisis in Sickle Cell

Myocarditis

2 mins

Rubeola Virus

RNA Virus

Paramyxovirus

Measles

Rash Spreads From Head to Toe

Koplik Spots First

Red Spots with Blue-White Center on Buccal Mucosa

Cough

Coryza

Conjunctivitis

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

Giant Cell Pneumonia in Immunosuppressed Patients

Warthin-Finkeldey Multinucleated Giant Cells

Vitamin A

3 mins

Paramyxovirus

Enveloped

RNA Virus

Helical

SS Negative Linear

Nonsegmented

Surface Fusion Protein Causes Multinucleated Cells

Measles

Mumps

Bronchiolitis in Babies

Parainfluenza

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

2 mins

Rubella

RNA Virus

Matonaviridae

Enveloped

Icosahedral

SS Positive Linear

German Measles or Three-Day Measles

Fever

Postauricular Tenderness

Lymphadenopathy

Truncal Rash

Arthritis

Congenital TORCH Infection

2 mins

Rubella TORCH

Nonspecific TORCH Symptoms

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Pulmonary Artery Hypoplasia

Cataracts

Deafness

Blueberry Muffin Rash

Glaucoma

1 min

Roseola

Exanthem

Herpesvirus 6

Enveloped

Double Stranded DNA

Linear

High Fevers Can Lead to Seizures

Diffuse Macular Rash After Fever

1 min

Exanthema Subitum (Roseola Infantum)

Human Herpesvirus Type 6

Sudden High Fever

Maculopapular, Nonpruritic Rash

Febrile Seizures

Tepid Baths

Ibuprofen

Acetaminophen

2 mins

Varicella (Chickenpox)

Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)

Red Maculopapular Rash

Vesicles Ooze and Crust

Pruritus

Centripetal

Varicella Immunization

Skin Care to Minimize Itching

Isolate until Vesicles Crust

2 mins

Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)

Herpesvirus 3

Enveloped

Double Stranded DNA

Chickenpox

Pneumonia

Encephalitis

Trigeminal and Dorsal Root Ganglia

Shingles

Tzanck Test

Multinucleated Giant Cells

Cowdry A Inclusion

Acyclovir

2 mins

Herpes Zoster (Shingles)

Varicella-Zoster Virus

Linear, Unilateral Rash Along a Dermatome

Pruritus

Postherpetic Neuralgia

Acyclovir

Analgesics

Gabapentin

Contagious Vesicles

Shingrix

3 mins

Coxsackievirus

Picornavirus

Coxsackie A

Febrile Pharyngitis

Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

Most Common Cause of Aseptic Meningitis

Late Summer

Coxsackie B

Myocarditis

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Type 1 Diabetes

2 mins

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) TORCH

Nonspecific TORCH symptoms

Intrauterine Growth Restriction (Retardation)

Deafness

Microcephaly

Seizures

Periventricular Calcifications

Petechial Rash

Blueberry Muffin Rash

Chorioretinitis

Urine Viral Culture or PCR

2 mins

Syphilis TORCH

Nonspecific TORCH Symptoms

Often Results in Stillbirth

Hydrops Fetalis

Saber Shins

Notched Teeth

Saddle Nose

Blindness

Deafness

Hepatitis

3 mins

TORCHeS Screening

Toxoplasmosis

Other

Rubella

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

Syphilis

Diagnostic Testing

3 mins

Toxoplasma gondii TORCH

Congenital TORCH Infection

Mom Usually Asymptomatic

Rarely Lymphadenopathy

Nonspecific TORCH Signs

Intrauterine Growth Retardation

Hepatosplenomegaly

Deafness

Chorioretinitis

Hydrocephalus

Calcifications

1 min

Pinworm (Enterobius Vermicularis)

Nematode (Roundworm)

Ingestion of Eggs

Intestinal Infection

Anal Pruritus

Scotch Tape Test

Albendazole

Pyrantel Pamoate

2 mins

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