Long-acting Benzodiazepines
- Lorazepam
- Diazepam
- Clonazepam
- Chlordiazepoxide
- Insomnia
- Anxiety
- Seizures
- Eclampsia
- Alcohol Withdrawal
- Half-life > 24 Hours
- Dependence
Cyanide Poisoning: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestation
- Inhibits Complex IV of Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Forces Cells Into Anaerobic Metabolism
- Exposure to Fire Fumes
- Industrial Exposure
- Headache and Confusion
- Arrhythmias
- "Cherry Red" Skin
- Almond Breath/Taste
- Acute Renal Failure
Cyanide Poisoning Diagnosis and Treatment
- Lactic Acidosis
- Elevated Venous PO2
- Check Carboxyhemoglobin
- Sodium Nitrate PLUS Sodium Thiosulfate
- Methemoglobinemia
- OR Hydroxocobalamin (First Line)
Nitroprusside
- Direct Release of NO
- Increase cGMP
- Short Half-Life
- Malignant Hypertension
- Cyanide Toxicity
Arsenic, Gold and Copper Antidotes
- Arsenic
- Gold
- Copper
- Penicillamine
- Dimercaprol (BAL)
- Succimer
Amphetamine Antidote
- Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl)
- Acidify Urine
Lead Antidotes
- Dimercaprol
- CaEDTA
- Succimer
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Antidote
Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA) Antidote
- Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
Activated Charcoal (Actidose)
- Binds to Toxins
- Ingested Poison
- Black Stool
- GI Distress
- Give As Soon As Possible
- Via Mouth or NG Tube
- Gastric Lavage
- Do Not Administer with Antidotes
Acetaminophen
- Fever
- Pain
- Reversibly Inhibits COX
- Acts Primarily in CNS
- Hepatic Necrosis
- N-acetylcysteine Antidote
Alteplase
- Tissue Plasminogen Activator
- Thrombosis
- Bleeding
- Intracranial Hemorrhage
- Internal Hemorrhaging
- Minimize Bleeding
- Monitor for Shock
- Aminocaproic Acid
Warfarin Antidotes
- Vitamin K
- Fresh Frozen Plasma
Methemoglobinemia Diagnosis and Management
- Cyanosis
- Respiratory Distress
- Headache
- Lethargy
- "Chocolate-colored Blood"
- Decreased Oxygen Saturation
- Normal Partial Pressure of Arterial O2 (PaO2)
- Identify Triggers
- Methylene Blue
- Vitamin C
- Exchange Transfusion
Acute Carbon Monoxide Toxicity Characteristics and Presentation
- Carboxyhemoglobin
- Decreases Hemoglobin's Oxygen Carrying Capacity
- Increases Hemoglobin's Oxygen Affinity
- Anaerobic Metabolism
- Vehicle Exhaust
- House Fires
- Altered Mental Status
- Headache
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Dyspnea
- "Cherry Red" Skin
- Cyanide Toxicity