Adrenal Gland (Basic)
- Adrenal Cortex
- RAAS Stimulates Aldosterone
- CRF (CRH) acts on Anterior Pituitary Gland to Release ACTH
- Cortisol Released
- Androgens Released
- Adrenal Medulla
- Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
Adrenal Gland (Advanced)
- Adrenal Cortex
- Zona Glomerulosa
- Aldosterone
- Zona Fasciculata
- Cortisol
- Zona Reticularis
- Androgens
- Adrenal Medulla
- Chromaffin Cells
- Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
Primary Hyperaldosteronism
- Increased Aldosterone Secretion
- Adrenal Adenoma
- Bilateral Adrenal Hyperplasia
- Hypertension
- Hypokalemic Metabolic Alkalosis
- No Significant Edema
- Increased Aldosterone
- Decreased Renin
- Abdominal CT Scan
- Aldosterone Antagonists
- Surgery
Liddle Syndrome
- Autosomal Dominant
- Collecting Duct
- Gain of Function Mutation in Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC)
- Excess Na+ and H2O Reabsorption
- Decreased Renin
- Decreased Aldosterone
- Hypertension with Hypokalemia
- Metabolic Alkalosis
- Pseudohyperaldosteronism
- Amiloride and Triamterene
Syndrome Of Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess (SAME)
- 11 Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Deficiency
- Elevated Cortisol
- Low Renin
- Low Aldosterone
- Autosomal-Recessive
- Licorice (glycyrrhetinic acid) Ingestion
- Hypertension
- Hypokalemia
- Metabolic Alkalosis
- Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
Cushing's Syndrome Characteristics
- More Common in Women
- Glucocorticoids
- Decreased ACTH
- Primary Adrenal Disease
- Increased ACTH
- Pituitary Adenoma (Cushing's Disease)
- Paraneoplastic: Small Cell Carcinoma
- CRF-releasing Tumors
Cushing's Syndrome Symptoms And Diagnosis
- Osteoporosis
- Amenorrhea
- Truncal Obesity
- Skin Changes
- Buffalo Hump
- Immune Suppression
- Moon Facies
- Hypertension
- Decreased Insulin Sensitivity
- 24-hour urine free Cortisol
- Dexamethasone Suppression Test
21 Hydroxylase Deficiency
- Decreased Cortisol
- Increased 17 Hydroxyprogesterone
- Decreased Aldosterone
- Hypotension
- Increased Renin
- Hyperkalemia
- Female Pseudohermaphroditism
11 Beta-Hydroxylase Deficiency
- Decreased Cortisol
- Decreased Aldosterone
- Increased Sex Hormones
- Increased 11 Deoxycorticosterone (11 DOC)
- Hypertension
- Masculinization
17 Alpha Hydroxylase Deficiency
- Decreased Cortisol
- Decreased Sex Hormones
- Increased Mineralocorticoids (DOC)
- Hypertension
- Hypokalemia
- XY Externally Phenotypic Female
- No Internal Reproductive Structures Due to Mullerian Inhibitory Factor
- XX Externally Phenotypic Female
- Sexual Infantilism
Addison's Disease
- Chronic 1° Adrenal Insufficiency
- Atrophy
- Destruction
- Deficiency In Cortisol And Aldosterone
- Skin Hyperpigmentation
- Increased POMC
- Hypotension
- Hyperkalemia
- Acidosis
- Addisonian Crisis
- ACTH (Cosyntropin) Stimulation Test
- Exogenous Cortisol
Addisonian Crisis
- Severe Symptoms
- Shock
- High-Dose Hydrocortisone
- Large Volumes of IV Fluid
- Insulin with Dextrose
- Kayexalate
- Loop or Thiazide Diuretics
Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome
- Acute 1° Adrenal Insufficiency
- Adrenal Hemorrhage
- Hypotension
- Neisseria meningitidis
- DIC
Hyperaldosteronism Overview
- Adrenal Glands
- Increased Aldosterone
- Aldosterone Escape Mechanism
- No Significant Edema
- Hypertension
- Hypokalemic Metabolic Alkalosis
- Primary Hyperaldosteronism
- Secondary Hyperaldosteronism
- Pseudohyperaldosteronism
Secondary Hyperaldosteronism
- Renal Artery Stenosis
- Reninoma
- Chronic Disease of Liver, Kidney, or Heart
- Edema
- Hypertension
- Hypokalemic Metabolic Alkalosis
- Increased Aldosterone
- Increased Renin
- Treat Underlying Disorder
- Aldosterone Antagonists