Fundamentals of Nursing, 10 Ed., Potter, Perry, Stockert & Hall, 2020 | Practical Nurse (LPN) School Study Aid
Urinary Excretory Anatomy
- Renal Medulla
- Renal Cortex
- Nephron
- Bowman's Capsule
- Glomerulus
- Proximal Tubule
- Loop of Henle
- Distal Tubule
- Collecting Duct
- Ureter
- Urinary Bladder
- Urethra
pH - Blood and Urine Lab Value
- Blood
- 7.35 - 7.45
- Urine
- 4.0 - 8.0
Urine Specific Gravity Lab Value
Pyelogram
- Visualizes Urinary Tract
- Diagnose Urinary Disorders
- Bowel Prep (Enema)
- IV Contrast Media
- X-Ray (Radiopaque)
- Increase Fluid Intake
- Iodine Allergy
- Decreased Renal Function
Urinary Tract Infection Symptoms
- More Common in Elderly
- Most Common in Females and Babies
- Change in LOC
- Dehydration
- Fever
- Urgency
- Urethral Infection
- Burning
- Smelly Urine
- Dark Cloudy Urine
- Frequency of Urination
Urinary Tract Infection Prevention and Treatment
- Shower after Sex
- Urinate after Sex
- Wipe front to Back
- I and Os with Daily Weights
- Increase Water Intake
- Antibiotics
- Avoid Caffeine
- Dr Appointment in 2 Weeks
- Void every 2 - 4 hours
Renal Calculi Assessment
- Hypercalcemia (Most Commonly)
- Flank Pain
- Radiates Toward Bladder
- Renal Colic
- Urinary Tract Infection
- Urinary Retention
- Hematuria
- Stone Recurrence
Renal Calculi Interventions
- Increase Fluid Intake
- Opioids
- NSAIDs
- Antibiotics
- Lithotripsy
- Surgical Stone Removal
- Identify Type CT-KUB
- Low Sodium Diet
Chronic Kidney Disease Early Symptoms Assessment
- GFR < 60mL/min
- Accumulation of Waste Products
- General Malaise
- Hypertension
- Proteinuria
- Hyperkalemia
- Mineral and Bone Disorders
- Neuropathy
Chronic Kidney Disease Late Symptoms Assessment
- Metabolic Acidosis
- Severe Uremia
- Arrhythmias
- Edema
- CNS Depression
- Anemia
- Oliguria
- Pruritus
- End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
- GFR < 15mL/min
Chronic Kidney Disease Interventions
- Daily Weights
- Strict I/O
- Renal Diet
- Strict Medication Regimen
- Erythropoietin
- Manage Hyperkalemia
- Manage CKD-MBD
- Dialysis
- Kidney Transplant
Kidney Transplant
- End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
- Selective Candidacy
- Close Compatibility
- Immunosuppressants
- Monitor for Rejection
- Monitor for Infection
- Monitor Urine Output
Hyperglycemia
- Insulin Resistance
- Too Little Insulin/Medication
- Infection/Illness
- Corticosteroids
- Elevated Blood Glucose
- Polyphagia
- Polydipsia
- Polyuria
- Hypotension
- Fatigue/Drowsiness
Glomerulonephritis Assessment
- Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcal Infection
- Hypertension
- Hematuria
- Proteinuria
- Oliguria
- Generalized Edema
- Increased BUN and CR
- Flank Pain
Acute Glomerulonephritis Interventions
- Rest
- Restrict Salt and Fluid Intake
- Restrict Protein
- Antihypertensives
- Diuretics
- Antibiotics
Chronic Glomerulonephritis Interventions
- Corticosteroids
- Antihypertensives
- Erythropoietin
- Cytotoxic Agents
- Dialysis
- Plasmapheresis
- Transplant