Fundamentals of Nursing, 10 Ed., Potter, Perry, Stockert & Hall, 2020 | Practical Nurse (LPN) School Study Aid
Crohn's Disease Assessment
- Diarrhea
- 5-6 per day
- Cramping Abdominal Pain
- Fever
- Weight Loss
- Malabsorption
- Anemia
- Obstruction
- Fistulas
Ulcerative Colitis Assessment
- Cramping Abdominal Pain
- Tenesmus
- Bloody Diarrhea
- Up to 10-20 / Day
- Fever
- Hemorrhage
Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis Assessment
- Outpouching
- Inflamed Diverticula
- Abdominal Pain
- Abdominal Distention
- Flatulence
- Fever
- Rectal Bleeding
- Alternating Constipation and Diarrhea
- Peritonitis
Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis Interventions
- High Fiber Diet
- Reduce Intra-abdominal Pressure
- Stool Softeners
- Exercise
- Anticholinergics
- Antibiotics
- Bowel Resection
Peptic Ulcer Disease Assessment
- Helicobacter Pylori
- Increased Stomach Acid
- Abdominal Pain
- Heartburn (Pyrosis)
- Melena
- Weight Changes
- GI Distress
- Most Commonly in Duodenum
- Duodenal: Pain Relieved by Eating
- Gastric: Pain Caused by Eating
Peptic Ulcer Disease Interventions
- Combination Drug Therapy
- Two Antibiotics
- Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)
- Decrease Acid Secretion
- Avoid NSAIDs
- Diet and Lifestyle Changes
Types of Intestinal Obstruction
- Adhesions
- Hernia
- Volvulus
- Intussusception
- Tumor
- Mesenteric Artery Occlusion
- Spinal Injury
- Paralytic Ileus
Intestinal Obstruction
- Severe Abdominal Pain
- Vomiting
- High Pitched Bowel Sounds
- Abdominal Distention
- Increased Peristalsis
- Absent Bowel Sounds
- Paralytic Ileus
Intussusception
- Telescoping of Bowel Segments
- Lead Point
- Episodic Abdominal Pain
- Diarrhea
- Sausage-Shaped Mass
- Red Currant Jelly Stools
- Ultrasound/CT
- Target Sign
- More Common in Children
- Rotavirus Vaccine Contraindicated
- Air or Hydrostatic Enema
- Surgical Reduction
Imperforate Anus
- Congenital Anorectal Malformation
- No Anal Opening
- Absence of Meconium
- Gradual Increase in Abdominal Distention
- Surgical Repair
- Bowel Management
Celiac Disease
- Intestinal Mucosa Damage
- Ingestion Wheat, Barley, Rye
- GI Distress
- Steatorrhea
- Weight Loss
- Dermatitis Herpetiformis
- Gluten-free Diet
- Screening
Clostridioides difficile (Clostridium difficile)
- Gram-Positive
- Bacillus
- Anaerobe
- Clindamycin and Ampicillin
- Toxin A Enterotoxin
- Damages Brush Border of Gut
- Toxin B Cytotoxin
- Damages Cytoskeletal Structure
- Diarrhea
- Pseudomembranous Colitis
- Toxic Megacolon
- Detect Toxins in Stool
- Metronidazole
- Vancomycin
Clostridium difficile (Clostridioides difficile) Treatments
- Oral Vancomycin
- Fidaxomicin
- Metronidazole
- Stool Transplant
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Assessment
- Abdominal Pain
- Relieved by Defecation
- Alternating Diarrhea and Constipation
- Fatigue
- Excessive Flatulence
- Sensation of Incomplete Evacuation
- Stressors
- Food Intolerances
- More Common in Women
- Rule Out Other Disorders
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Interventions
- Identify Triggers
- Increase Fiber Intake
- Probiotics
- Anticholinergics
- Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
- Loperamide
- Linaclotide
- Tegaserod (Zelnorm)
- Lubiprostone (Amitiza)
- Alosetron (Lotronex)
Colorectal Cancer Assessment
- 3rd Most Common Cancer
- Change in Bowel Habits
- Bowel Obstruction
- Rectal Bleeding
- Anemia
- Weight Loss
- Ascites
- Colonoscopy
- FOBT and FIT
Colorectal Cancer Interventions
- Surgical Colon Resection
- Radiation
- Chemotherapy
- Bowel Cleansing
- Screening
- Colostomy
- Dietary Consult
- Body Image
Colostomy Care
- Wash with Warm Water
- Cut 1/8 inch Around Stoma
- Decreases Skin Irritation
- Empty When 1/3 to 1/2 Full
- Change 3-7 Days
- Avoid Odor Causing Foods
- Irrigate at Same Time
Enema Administration
- Tap Water/Soapsuds
- Normal Saline
- Hypertonic Solution
- Medication
- Oil Retention
- Procedure Education
- Wear PPE
- Put Patient in Sims Position
- Insert Tip
- Start Flow Slowly
- Stop With Discomfort
- Potential for Vagus Response