Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th Ed., Potter, Perry, Stockert & Hall, 2017 | Practical Nurse (LPN) School Study Aid
Scoliosis
- S Shaped Lateral Spinal Rotation
- Unequal Shoulder and Scapula Height
- Uneven Gait
- Impaired Oxygenation
- Hump when Bending Forward
- Body Braces
- Worn 23 Hours/Day
- Surgery
- Adolescent Screening
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
- Abnormal Femoral Head in Acetabulum
- Positive Barlow Sign
- Clicking with Adduction
- Positive Ortolani Sign
- Clicking with Abduction
- Asymmetrical Limb Lengths and Folds (Gluteal and Thigh)
- Trendelenburg Sign
- Abduction Device
- Pavlik Harness
- Closed Reduction
Osteoporosis Assessment
- Postmenopausal Women
- Long Term Corticosteroids
- Kyphosis
- Dowager's Hump
- Loss of Height
- Back Pain
- Pathologic Fractures
- Spinal Compression Fracture
Clubfoot
- Multifactorial Congenital Anomalies
- Fetal Position
- Deformed Foot and Ankle Position
- Talipes Equinovarus
- Serial Casting
- Ponseti Method
- Early Surgery
Immobility
- Mobility Continuum
- Cardiovascular
- Respiratory
- Musculoskeletal
- Integumentary
- Gastrointestinal
- Urinary
- Turn, Cough, Deep Breathe (TCDB)
- Range of Motion (ROM)
- Skin Care
- Fluids
- Balanced Diet
Venous Thromboembolism (DVT) Assessment
- Venous Wall Inflammation caused by Thrombus
- Tenderness
- Edema
- Warmth
- Asymmetry
- Could be Asymptomatic
- Monitor for Pulmonary Embolism
Supine Hypotension (Vena Cava Syndrome)
- Compression of the Vena Cava and Descending Aorta
- Hypotension
- Dizziness
- Tachycardia
- Decreased Renal Perfusion
- Decreased Uteroplacental Perfusion
- Side-lying Position
Renal Calculi Assessment
- Hypercalcemia (Most Commonly)
- Flank Pain
- Radiates Toward Bladder
- Renal Colic
- Urinary Tract Infection
- Urinary Retention
- Hematuria
- Stone Recurrence
Pressure Ulcers
- Prolonged Immobilization
- Neurologic Disease
- Decreased Level of Consciousness
- Stage 1: Intact Skin with Non-blanchable Erythema
- Stage 2: Partial Thickness Skin Loss
- Stage 3: Full-thickness Skin Loss without Fascial Involvement
- Stage 4: Full-thickness Skin Loss with Fascial Involvement
- Wound Care
- Surgery
- Septicemia
- Osteomyelitis
- Prevention
Age 18 Months - Developmental Milestones
- Climbs Up Stairs
- Runs
- Stacks Three Blocks
- Eats with Spoon
- Removes Clothing
- 10-25 Word Vocabulary
- “Mine”
- Pretend Play
Age 5 Years - Developmental Milestones
- Skips
- Walks Backward
- Copies Triangle
- Ties Shoelaces
- Independent Dressing / Bathing
- Prints Letters
- Counts to 10
- Five-word Sentences
- Friends
- Uses Toilet Independently
Age 2 Months - Developmental Milestones
- Holds Head Up, But Unsteady
- Tracks Objects to the Midline
- Coos
- Social Smile
- Recognizes Parents
Age 4 Months - Developmental Milestones
- Sits With Support
- Rooting Reflex Disappears
- Moro Reflex Disappears
- Reaches Across Midline
- Turns to Voice
- Laughs
- Enjoys Looking Around
Age 6 Months - Developmental Milestones
- Palmar Reflex Disappears
- Sits Propped Up On Hands
- Rolls
- Transfers Objects Hands to Hands
- Raking Grasp
- Babbles
- Responds to Name
- Stranger Anxiety Develops
Age 9 Months - Developmental Milestones
- Pulls to Stand
- Starts Cruising
- Three-Finger Pincer Grasp
- Holds Bottle or Cup
- Starts Sounding "Mama" or "Dada"
- Waves Bye
- Separation Anxiety
- Plays Pat-A-Cake
Age 1 Year - Developmental Milestones
- Stands Well
- First Steps
- Throws Ball
- Points to Objects
- Babinski Reflex Disappears
- Two-Finger Pincer Grasp
- "Mama & Dada"
- One-Step Commands with Gesture
Age 2 Years - Developmental Milestones
- Jumps
- Copies a Line
- Stacks Six Blocks
- Turns Pages
- Two-Word Phrases
- Half of Speech is Understandable
- 200 Words by Age 2
- Parallel Play
- Begins Toilet Training
- Rapprochement
Age 3 Years - Developmental Milestones
- Walks Up/Down Steps with Alternating Feet
- Rides Tricycle
- Stack Nine Block Tower
- Copies Circle
- Uses Utensils
- Three-Word Sentences
- 75% Speech Understood by Stranger
- Knows Gender / Age
Age 4 Years - Developmental Milestones
- Hop on One Foot
- Copies Square
- Uses Fork Well
- 100% Speech Understandable
- Identifies Colors
- Cooperative Play
- Imaginary Friends
Anterior Thorax Muscles
- Pectoralis Minor
- Pectoralis Major
- Serratus Anterior
- Intercostals (External, Internal, Innermost)
- Subcostales
- Transversus Thoracis
- Diaphragm
Neck and Shoulder Muscles
- Splenius Capitis
- Trapezius
- Rhomboid Minor
- Rhomboid Major
- Deltoid
- Latissimus Dorsi
- Levator Scapulae
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres Minor
- Teres Major
Hand Muscles
- Opponens Pollicis
- Abductor Pollicis Brevis
- Flexor Pollicis Brevis
- Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
- Abductor Digiti Minimi Brevis
- Opponens Digiti Minimi
- Lumbricals
- Interossei (Palmar and Dorsal)
- Palmaris Brevis
- Adductor Pollicis
Back Muscles
- Latissimus Dorsi
- External Oblique
- Internal Oblique
- Gluteus Medius
- Gluteus Maximus
- Erector Spinae
- Serratus Anterior
- Serratus Posterior
Posterior Thigh Muscles
- Sciatic Nerve
- Biceps Femoris
- Long and Short Head
- Flex Knee
- Extend Hip
- Laterally Rotate Hip
- Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus
- Flex Knee
- Extend Thigh
- Medially Rotate Thigh and Leg
Muscle Types
- Skeletal Muscle
- Somatic Nervous System
- Striated
- Multinucleate
- Cardiac Muscle
- Autonomic Nervous System
- Myogenic
- Gap Junctions
- Uninucleate
- Smooth Muscle
Anterior Thigh Muscles
- Femoral Nerve
- Iliopsoas
- Psoas Innervated by L1-3
- Sartorius
- Pectineus
- Vastus Lateralis
- Vastus Intermedius
- Vastus Medialis
- Rectus Femoris
Medial Thigh Muscles
- Adduct the Thigh
- Obturator Nerve
- Adductor Magnus
- Tibial Nerve
- Adductor Longus
- Adductor Brevis
- Gracilis
- Obturator Externus
- Laterally Rotates Thigh
Deep Gluteal Muscles
- Lateral Rotation and Abduction
- Gluteus Minimus
- Medially Rotates Leg
- Piriformis
- Superior Gemellus
- Obturator Internus
- Inferior Gemellus
- Quadratus Femoris
- Sacrotuberous Ligament
Pulmonary Embolism Assessment
- Shortness of Breath (SOB)
- Pleuritic Chest Pain
- Tachypnea
- Hemoptysis
- Hypoxemia
- Sudden Death
Pulmonary Embolism Causes
- FAT BAT Mnemonic
- Fat
- Air
- Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
- Bacteria
- Amniotic Fluid
- Tumor
- Hypercoagulable
- Central Venous Lines
- Immobilized
Braden Scale
- Sensory Perception
- Moisture
- Activity
- Mobility
- Nutrition
- Friction and Shear
Osteoporosis Interventions
- Increased Calcium Intake
- Vitamin D Supplements
- Bisphosphonates
- Raloxifene
- Denosumab
- Calcitonin
- Teriparatide
- Bone Densitometry (DEXA) Scan
- Weight Bearing Exercises
Venous Thromboembolism (DVT) Interventions
- Anticoagulants
- Prevention Education
- Frequent Ambulation
- Leg Exercises
- Compression Stockings or SCD's
- Avoid Nicotine and Oral Contraceptives
- Surgery
Patient Position Overview
- Trochanter Roll
- Trapeze Bar
- Ankle-Foot Orthotic (AFO) Devices
- Fowlers Position
- Supine Position
- Trendelenburg
- Side-Lying Position
- Prone Position
- Sims' Position
- Reposition q2 Hours/Prevent Skin Breakdown
- Confirm Body Alignment