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Medical-Surgical Nursing, 8th Ed., Ignatavicius & Workman, 2015 | Practical Nurse (LPN) School Study Aid

Types of Heart Failure

Left Sided

Pulmonary Congestion

Right Sided

Peripheral Edema

High Output

Unable to Meet Metabolic Needs

1 min

Left Heart Failure Assessment

Pulmonary Congestion

Pink Frothy Sputum

Wheezing or Crackles

Dyspnea with Exertion

Cough

Fatigue

Tachycardia

Weak Peripheral Pulse

S3, S4 Heart Sounds

1 min

Right Heart Failure Assessment

Jugular Venous Distention (JVD)

Peripheral Edema

Hepatosplenomegaly

Nocturia

Weight Gain

Ascites

Fatigue

1 min

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

Ends in "-sartan"

Blocks Angiotensin II Receptor

Hypertension

Angioedema

Renal Artery Stenosis

Pregnancy

1 min

Heart Failure Interventions

Echocardiogram

Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring

High Fowler's Position

Oxygen

Advanced Airway

Diuretics

Beta Blockers

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

ACE Inhibitors

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Pacemaker

2 mins

Loop Diuretics

Thick Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle

Inhibits Na+-K+-2Cl-

Sulfa Drug

Furosemide

Lasix

Ototoxicity from Rapid Injection

Gout

Dehydration

Hypocalcemia

Hypokalemia

Orthostatic Hypotension

2 mins

Loop Diuretic Education

Furosemide (Lasix)

Heart Failure

Pulmonary Edema

Acute Renal Failure (ARF)

Edema

Notify the provider of weakness, dizziness, or muscle cramping

Increase Potassium Intake

Check BP Daily

Daily Weights and Monitor IandOs

1 min

Beta Blockers

"-olol" suffix

Decreases Heart Rate and Contractility

Decreases Peripheral Vascular Resistance

Decreases Renin Release

Hypertension

Heart Failure

Angina Pectoris

Asthma and Heart Block Patients

Assess Blood Pressure and Heart Rate

Masking Signs of Hypoglycemia

Do Not Stop Abruptly

2 mins

Cardiovascular Effects of Beta-Blockers

Cardiac Myocytes and Vasculature

Decrease cAMP

Decreases SA and AV Node Conduction Velocity

Lower Blood Pressure

Decrease O2 Consumption

Decreases Mortality Post-MI

2 mins

Digoxin Toxicity Treatment

Activated Charcoal

Slowly Normalize K+

Digibind (Anti-Digoxin Fab)

Magnesium Sulfate

Lidocaine

Cardiac Pacing

2 mins

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Increases Inotropy

Heart Failure

Atrial Fibrillation

Bradycardia

Fatigue

Heart Block

Heart Rate Below 60

Hypokalemia

Monitor for Toxicity and Visual Changes

Digibind

2 mins

Mitral Regurgitation

Holosystolic

Blowing Murmur

Loudest at Apex

Radiates toward Axilla

Louder by Squatting

Hand Grip

Expiration

1 min

Mitral Stenosis

Murmur Follows Opening Snap

Late Diastolic Murmur

Enhanced by Expiration

Low-Pitched Rumbling

Dilation of Left Atrium (LA)

Recurrent Attacks of Rheumatic Fever

2 mins

Aortic Regurgitation

Diastolic Murmur

Immediate High-pitched

Blowing Murmur

Wide Pulse Pressure

Water Hammer Pulse

Head Bobbing

Pulsating Nail Bed

Can Cause Austin Flint Murmur

1 min

Aortic Stenosis

Age-related Calcifications

Bicuspid Aortic Valve

Crescendo-decrescendo Murmur

Systolic Murmur

Ejection Murmur

Ejection Click

Radiates to Carotids and Apex

Pulsus Parvus et Tardus

Syncope

Helmet Cells

2 mins

Endocarditis Assessment

Infection of Inner Layer and Valves

Fever

Fatigue

New or Changed Murmurs

Roth's Spots

Splinter Hemorrhages

Janeway Lesions

Osler's Nodes

Heart Failure

Embolization

2 mins

Endocarditis Interventions

IV Antibiotics

4-6 Weeks

Anticoagulants

Good Hygiene

Closely Monitor

Antibiotic Prophylaxis

Dental Procedures

Invasive Procedures

1 min

Cardiac Tamponade

Fluid in the Pericardial Sac

Pericarditis

Decreased Cardiac Output

Beck's Triad

Hypotension

Jugular Venous Distention (JVD)

Distant Heart Sounds

Pulsus Paradoxus

Electrical Alternans

Pericardiocentesis

1 min

Acute Pericarditis Interventions

Treat Underlying Disorder

Antibiotics

Colchicine + NSAIDs

Corticosteroids

Place Patient Upright with Head of Bed at 45°

Pericardiocentesis

Pericardial Window

2 mins

Acute Pericarditis Causes

Idiopathic

Infection

Trauma

Cardiac

Myocardial Infarction

Autoimmune Diseases

Uremia

Tumor

Radiation

2 mins

Acute Pericarditis Assessment

Pericardial Sac Inflammation

Sharp Chest Pain

Increased with Inspiration

Pain Decreased by Leaning Forward

Pericardial Friction Rub

Diffuse ST-Elevation

T Wave Inversion

Fever

May Be Asymptomatic

Cardiac Tamponade

2 mins

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Mechanisms

2/3 Autosomal-Dominant

1/3 Sporadic Type

Mutation in Gene for Sarcomere Protein

Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein C

Asymmetric Septal Hypertrophy

Outflow Tract Obstruction

Diastolic Dysfunction

2 mins

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Signs, Symptoms and Treatment

Sudden Death Of Young Athlete

Heart Failure

Angina

Arrhythmias

Syncope

Harsh Systolic Ejection Murmur

S4 Heart Sound

Beta Blocker

Non-dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blocker

2 mins

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