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Medical-Surgical Nursing, 8th Ed., Ignatavicius & Workman, 2015 | Practical Nurse (LPN) School Study Aid

Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

-statin Suffix

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors

High Cholesterol

Hepatotoxicity

Rash

Rhabdomyolysis

Myopathy

Monitor Liver Enzymes

Administer at Bedtime

Avoid Grapefruit

2 mins

Ezetimibe

Hyperlipidemia

Cholesterol Absorption Blocker

Decreases LDL

Diarrhea

Increased LFT Values

1 min

Bile Acid Resins

Hyperlipidemia

Bile Acid Reabsorption Prevented

Slight Increase HDL/Triglycerides

Decrease LDL

Colestipol (Colestid)

Cholestyramine

Colesevelam

Cholesterol Gallstones

Decreased Absorption of Fat-soluble Vitamins

Patients Hate It

2 mins

Hypertension Assessment

Essential Hypertension

Secondary Hypertension

Headache

Vision Changes

Nosebleed (Epistaxis)

Chest Pain

Syncope (Fainting)

Average 2 Sets, 2 Minutes Apart

After 2 or More Visits (within 1-4 weeks)

Take BP Both Arms

Common in African Americans

2 mins

Vitamin B3 - Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)

Decreases Triglycerides

Decreases LDL

Increases HDL

Dyslipidemia

Pellagra

Diarrhea

Dermatitis

Dementia

Flushing

GI Distress

Hepatotoxicity

2 mins

Low Blood Pressure Response

Posterior Pituitary Releases Vasopressin

Vasoconstriction

Adrenal Cortex Releases Aldosterone

Increased Na+ and H2O Reabsorption

1 min

High Blood Pressure Response

Atria Release Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

Vasodilation

Antagonizes Aldosterone

Na+ and Water Excreted

1 min

Hypertension Intervention

Weight Reduction and Exercise

Diet Changes

Relaxation Techniques

Smoking Cessation

Medications

Encourage Self Monitoring

1 min

Loop Diuretics

Thick Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle

Inhibits Na+-K+-2Cl-

Sulfa Drug

Furosemide

Lasix

Ototoxicity from Rapid Injection

Gout

Dehydration

Hypocalcemia

Hypokalemia

Orthostatic Hypotension

2 mins

Loop Diuretic Education

Furosemide (Lasix)

Heart Failure

Pulmonary Edema

Acute Renal Failure (ARF)

Edema

Notify the provider of weakness, dizziness, or muscle cramping

Increase Potassium Intake

Check BP Daily

Daily Weights and Monitor IandOs

1 min

Beta Blockers

"-olol" suffix

Decreases Heart Rate and Contractility

Decreases Peripheral Vascular Resistance

Decreases Renin Release

Hypertension

Heart Failure

Angina Pectoris

Asthma and Heart Block Patients

Assess Blood Pressure and Heart Rate

Masking Signs of Hypoglycemia

Do Not Stop Abruptly

2 mins

Hydrochlorothiazide HCTZ

Inhibits Reabsorption NaCl and H₂O

Edema

Mild to Moderate Hypertension

Hypokalemia

Hyponatremia

Dehydration

Hyperglycemia

Gout

Sulfa Allergy

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

1 min

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

"-pril" Suffix

Block Renin Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)

Hypertension

Heart Failure

Dry Non-productive Cough

Hypotension

Dizziness

Possible Hyperkalemia

Angioedema

Slowly Change Position

Do Not Stop Abruptly

2 mins

Calcium Channel Blockers (Verapamil and Diltiazem)

Slows AV Conduction

Angina Pectoris

Arrhythmias

Essential Hypertension

Bradycardia

Hypotension

Constipation

Peripheral Edema

Gingival Hyperplasia

Medication Education

2 mins

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

Ends in "-sartan"

Blocks Angiotensin II Receptor

Hypertension

Angioedema

Renal Artery Stenosis

Pregnancy

1 min

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

Inhibition of Aldosterone

Potassium Retention

Hypertension

Edema

Heart Failure

Hyperkalemia

Endocrine Effects

Avoid Potassium Supplements

2 mins

Hypertension Medications

Diuretics

ACE Inhibitors

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

Beta Blockers

Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers

2 mins

Systemic Effects of Beta-Blockers

Respiratory

Bronchoconstriction

Metabolic

Decreased Insulin

Decreased Glycolysis and Lipolysis

Eye

Reduces Intraocular Pressure

1 min

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

Atherosclerosis

Intermittent Claudication

Pain with Exercise

Paresthesias

Arterial Ulcers

Critical Limb Ischemia

Amputation

Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI)

2 mins

Arterial Ulcer Assessment

Absent or Decreased Pulses

Intermittent Claudication

Sharp Pain

Dependent Rubor

Well Defined Edges

Over Bony Areas

Smooth, Shiny Skin

Toes, Heels, Lateral Lower Legs

Cool

2 mins

Arterial Ulcer Interventions

Saline Dressing

Structured Exercise Programs

Fibrinolytics

Antiplatelet Medication

No Caffeine, Nicotine

Surgery

1 min

Chronic Venous Insufficiency (Venous Stasis Ulcer) Assessment

Venous Stasis Ulcer

Uneven Edges

Dull Persistent Pain

Medial Malleolus

Necrotic

Normal Pulses

Lower Leg Edema

Bronze-Brown Pigmentation

Warm

Pruritus

2 mins

Chronic Venous Insufficiency (Venous Stasis Ulcer) Interventions

Frequently Elevate Legs

Avoid Standing/Sitting for Long Periods of Time

Elastic Compression Stockings

Bilayer Artificial Skin

Daflon

Wound Dressings

Proper Foot and Leg Care

2 mins

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Assessment

Atherosclerosis

Bruit

Pulsation in Abdomen

Abdominal or Lower Back Pain

Tearing Pain

Ultrasound

Rupture

Shock

Surgical Repair

1 min

Venous Thromboembolism (DVT) Assessment

Venous Wall Inflammation caused by Thrombus

Tenderness

Edema

Warmth

Asymmetry

Could be Asymptomatic

Monitor for Pulmonary Embolism

58 secs

Venous Thromboembolism (DVT) Interventions

Anticoagulants

Prevention Education

Frequent Ambulation

Leg Exercises

Compression Stockings or SCD's

Avoid Nicotine and Oral Contraceptives

Surgery

1 min

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Inhibits Clotting Factors

Atrial Fibrillation

Venous Thrombosis

Pulmonary Embolism

PT/INR Levels

Observe for Bleeding

Pregnancy

Vitamin K and Fresh Frozen Plasma

Prolonged Therapeutic Onset

Maintain Same Diet

2 mins

Varicose Veins Assessment

Increased Venous Pressure

Incompetent Valves

Telangiectasias

Small Reticular Veins

Dilated and Tortuous Veins

1 min

Varicose Veins Interventions

Laser Therapy

Sclerotherapy

Removal of Saphenous Vein

Avoid Prolonged Standing

Elastic Compression Stockings

2 mins

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