Pharmacology and the Nursing Process, 9th Ed., Lilley, Rainforth Collins & Snyder, 2019 |  Practical Nurse (LPN) School Study Aid
6 Rights of Medication Administration
- Right Patient
 - Right Medication
 - Right Dose
 - Right Time
 - Right Route
 - Right Documentation
 - Three Checks
 - Check for Allergies
 - Assess the Patient
 - Education
 
Routes of Administration Part One
- Oral
 - Sublingual
 - Buccal
 - Rectal
 - Tubes
 - Transdermal
 - Drops/Spray
 - Vaginal
 - Inhalation
 
Routes of Administration Part Two (Parenteral)
- Intradermal
 - Subcutaneous
 - Intramuscular (IM)
 - Intravenous
 - Epidural
 - Intrathecal
 - Intraosseous
 - Intraperitoneal
 
Standard Precautions
- Hand Hygiene
 - Wash In / Wash Out
 - Alcohol-Based Hand Rub
 - Hand Washing
 - Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
 - Gown
 - Face Mask
 - Goggles/Face Shield
 - Gloves
 - Donning and Removing PPE
 - Discard Sharps in Puncture-Resistant Container
 - Cough Etiquette
 
Cardiovascular Effects of Beta-Blockers
- Cardiac Myocytes and Vasculature
 - Decrease cAMP
 - Decreases SA and AV Node Conduction Velocity
 - Lower Blood Pressure
 - Decrease O2 Consumption
 - Decreases Mortality Post-MI
 
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
- Increases Inotropy
 - Heart Failure
 - Atrial Fibrillation
 - Bradycardia
 - Fatigue
 - Heart Block
 - Heart Rate Below 60
 - Hypokalemia
 - Monitor for Toxicity and Visual Changes
 - Digibind
 
PT/PTT Lab Values
- Prothrombin Time (PT)
 - 10-14 seconds
 - Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT or aPTT)
 - 25-35 seconds
 
Needle Sizes and Uses
- Adjust Size Based on Height/Weight
 - Subcutaneous Injections
 - 3/8 or 5/8 inch
 - Intramuscular (IM)
 - 1-1.5 inches
 
Intramuscular Medication (IM) Administration
- Injury to Nerves, Bone, and Blood Vessels
 - Deltoid
 - Vastus Lateralis
 - Ventrogluteal
 - Selection of Needle Length
 - Aseptic Technique for Drawing Up
 - Z-Track
 - 90 Degree Angle
 - Max Amount (2-5 mL Adult, 1 mL Child)
 - Techniques to Reduce Pain
 
Mixing NPH and Regular Insulin for Injection
- Verify Order
 - Roll NPH Insulin
 - Alcohol to Multiuse Vials
 - Inject Air into NPH Insulin (Cloudy)
 - Inject Air into Regular Insulin (Clear)
 - Withdraw Regular Insulin Units
 - Withdraw NPH Units
 - Verify with 2nd Nurse
 - Discard if Error
 
Ear Drops Medication Administration
- Earwax Buildup
 - Ear Infections
 - Child - Back and Downward
 - Adult - Back and Upward
 - Side-Lying with Ear Up
 - Instill Medication
 - Stay for 2-3 Minutes
 - Room Temperature
 - May Massage Tragus
 - Perforated Eardrum
 
Transdermal Medication Administration
- Patch or Disc
 - Directly on Skin of Arms, Chest, Upper Back
 - Avoids First Pass Metabolism
 - Sustained Administration of Medication
 - Clean Skin After Removal
 - Rotate Sites of Patches
 - Apply to Dry Skin
 - Avoid Shaved Skin
 - Avoid Heat
 - Nitro Effects Lost After 24 Hours