Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Ed., Huether, McCance, Brashers, & Rote | Practical Nurse (LPN) School Study Aid
Traumatic Brain Injury Assessment
- Change in LOC
- Personality Changes
- Amnesia
- Increased Intracranial Pressure
- Diplopia
- Posturing
- Basilar Skull Fracture
- Halo or Ring Sign
- Intracranial Bleeding
Types of Head Injuries
- Open Head Injury
- Linear Fracture
- Comminuted Fracture
- Depressed Fracture
- Open Fracture
- Basilar Skull Fracture
- Closed Head Injury
- Coup and Contrecoup
- Brain Contusion
- Concussion
Types of Shock
- Hypovolemic
- Depleted Volume
- Cardiogenic
- Pump Failure
- Obstructive
- Indirect Pump Failure
- Distributive
- Lost Vascular Tone
- Neurogenic
- Anaphylactic
- Septic
Types of Strokes
- Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
- Reversible Ischemic Neurologic Deficit (RIND)
- Ischemic
- Thrombotic
- Atherosclerosis
- Embolic
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Hemorrhagic
- Severe Hypertension
Meningitis Assessment
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Fever
- Nuchal Rigidity
- Severe Headache
- Purpura
- Seizures
- Photophobia
- Opisthotonus Position
- High-Pitched Cry
- Bulging Fontanel
Meningitis Interventions
- IV Antibiotics
- Dexamethasone
- Analgesics
- Antipyretics
- Closely Monitor for Increased ICP
- Bed Rest
- Preventative Vaccinations
- Droplet-Airborne Precautions
Common Causes of Meningitis: Adolescent and Adult (6 - 60 Years Old)
- Enteroviruses
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- Neisseria meningitidis (#1 Cause in Teens)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
Common Causes of Meningitis: Elderly (60+ Years Old)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Gram-Negative Rods
- Listeria Monocytogenes
Multiple Sclerosis Assessment
- Nerve Fiber Demyelination
- Motor Issues
- Cerebellar Signs
- Fatigue
- Paresthesias
- Spasticity
- Urinary Incontinence
- Optic Neuritis
- Women Between 20-50 Years Old
- Relapse and Remission of Symptoms
Multiple Sclerosis Interventions
- Corticosteroids
- Interferon Beta
- Dimethyl Fumarate (Tecfidera)
- Fingolimod (Gilenya)
- Mitoxantrone (Novantrone)
- Natalizumab (Tysabri)
- Increase Exercise
- Identify Triggers
Guillain-Barre Syndrome Assessment
- Ascending Paralysis
- Muscle Weakness
- Paresthesias (Pins and Needles)
- Diplopia
- Difficulty Speaking
- Dysphagia
- Labile Blood Pressure
- Loss of Bowel and Bladder Control
- Aggressive Airway Management
Myasthenia Gravis Assessment
- Weakness with Muscle Use
- Diplopia
- Ptosis
- Dysphagia
- Difficulty Speaking
- Fatigue
- Cholinergic Crisis
- Overmedicated
- Myasthenic Crisis
- Not Enough Medication
- Respiratory Muscle Paralysis