Nurse Practitioner Certification Examination and Practice Preparation 4th Edition, Fitzgerald, 2015 | Nurse Practitioner (NP) School Study Aid
Cranial Nerve Function
- CN I
- CN II
- CN VIII
- CN III
- CN IV
- CN VI
- CN XI
- CN XII
- CN V
- CN VII
- CN IX
- CN X
CN I
- Olfactory Nerve
- Sensory
- Smell
CN III
- Oculomotor Nerve
- Motor
- Eye Movement
- Accommodation
- Eyelid Opening
- Pupillary Constriction
CN IV
- Trochlear Nerve
- Motor
- Abducts, Depresses, Internally Rotates
CN V
- Trigeminal Nerve
- Sensory
- Facial Sensation
- Motor Function (Via Mandibular Nerve)
- Mastication Muscles
CN VI
- Abducens Nerve
- Motor
- Abducts Eye
CN VII
- Facial Nerve
- Lacrimation
- Salivation
- Sensory
- Taste from Anterior 2/3 of Tongue
- Motor
- Facial Movement
- Stapedius Muscle
- Eyelid Closing
CN VIII
- Vestibulocochlear Nerve
- Sensory
- Hearing
- Balance
CN IX
- Glossopharyngeal Nerve
- Sensory
- Taste from Posterior 1/3 of Tongue
- Monitoring Carotid Body and Sinus
- Motor
- Stylopharyngeus
- Swallowing
- Salivation
CN XI
- Accessory Nerve
- Motor
- Head Turning
- Shoulder Shrugging
CN XII
- Hypoglossal Nerve
- Motor
- Tongue Movement
CN X
- Vagus Nerve
- Sensory
- Aortic Arch Chemoreceptors and Baroreceptors
- Taste from Epiglottic Region
- Motor
- Swallowing
- Palate Elevation
- Talking
- Coughing
- Midline Uvula
Cluster Headache
- More Common in Men
- Unilateral Periorbital Headache
- Ipsilateral Tearing
- Precipitated by Alcohol
- Stabbing Pain
- 15 min - 3 Hours
- Repetitive Attacks in Clusters
- High Flow 100% O2
- Ergots
- Sumatriptan
Tension Headache
- More Common in Women
- Bilateral Band-like Pain
- Occipital and Neck region
- Exacerbated by Stress
- Exacerbated by Fatigue
- > 30 Minutes
- Relaxation
- Caffeine
- NSAIDs
- Acetaminophen
- Amitriptyline
Migraine Headaches Signs and Symptoms
- More Common in Women
- Exacerbated by Activity
- Unilateral Pulsating Pain
- Aura
- Photophobia and Phonophobia
- Nausea/Vomiting
- 4 hours to 3 Days
Migraine Headache Treatments
- Avoid Triggers
- Sumatriptan
- NSAIDs
- Beta Blockers
- Calcium Channel Blockers
- Amitriptyline
- Topiramate (Anticonvulsants)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- Internal Body Images
- Detects Variations of Soft Tissues
- No Metal Objects
- No Pacemakers
- Contrast is Non-Iodine
- Safe During Pregnancy
- Long Procedure
- Antianxiety Medications
Sumatriptan
- Short Half-Life
- 5-HT Agonist
- Inhibits Trigeminal Nerve Activation
- Induces Vasoconstriction
- Migraine
- Cluster Headache
- Increased Risk of Serotonin Syndrome
- Paresthesias
- Coronary Vasospasm
- Prinzmetal's Angina
- Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Acetaminophen
- Fever
- Pain
- Reversibly Inhibits COX
- Acts Primarily in CNS
- Hepatic Necrosis
- N-acetylcysteine Antidote
Metoclopramide
- Antiemetic
- Promotility Agent
- Increased Resting Tone
- Antagonist at D2 Receptor
- Parkinsonian Symptoms
- Galactorrhea
- Small Bowel Obstruction
- Parkinson's Disease
Aspirin
- Fever
- Pain and Headache
- Cardiovascular Disease (CAD)
- Irreversible inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2
- Suppress Thromboxanes and Prostaglandins
- NSAID
- Reye's Syndrome
- Tinnitus
- Peptic Ulceration
- Mixed Acidosis/Alkalosis
- Nephropathy
Aspirin Poisoning (Salicylism) Assessment
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Tinnitus
- Confusion
- Hyperventilation
- Respiratory Alkalosis
- Metabolic Acidosis
- Coma
- Hyperthermia
Ondansetron
- Postoperative Vomiting
- Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting
- 5-HT3 Serotonergic Antagonist
- Centrally-acting Antiemetic
- Headache
- Constipation
- QT Prolongation
Promethazine (Phenergan)
- Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonist
- Weak Dopamine Antagonist
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Motion Sickness
- Respiratory Depression
- Sedation
- Anticholinergic Effects
- Extrapyramidal Symptoms
- Use Large Bore IV
- Monitor for Tissue Necrosis
NSAIDs
- Anti-inflammatory
- Analgesic
- Fever
- Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
- Reversible Inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2
- Block Prostaglandin Synthesis
- Interstitial Nephritis
- Gastric Ulcer
- Renal Ischemia
Lamotrigine
- Seizure Treatment
- Bipolar Disorder
- Blocks Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Topiramate
- Seizure Treatment
- Migraine Prophylaxis
- Increase GABA Action
- Blocks Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels
- Kidney Stones
- Weight Loss
- Sedation
Calcium Channel Blockers (Verapamil and Diltiazem)
- Slows AV Conduction
- Angina Pectoris
- Arrhythmias
- Essential Hypertension
- Bradycardia
- Hypotension
- Constipation
- Peripheral Edema
- Gingival Hyperplasia
- Medication Education
Meningitis Assessment
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Fever
- Nuchal Rigidity
- Severe Headache
- Purpura
- Seizures
- Photophobia
- Opisthotonus Position
- High-Pitched Cry
- Bulging Fontanel
Meningitis Interventions
- IV Antibiotics
- Dexamethasone
- Analgesics
- Antipyretics
- Closely Monitor for Increased ICP
- Bed Rest
- Preventative Vaccinations
- Droplet-Airborne Precautions
Neisseria Meningitidis
- Gram-Negative
- Diplococci
- Chocolate Agar
- Thayer-Martin Media
- VPN
- Oxidase-Positive
- Maltose Fermentation
- Glucose Fermentation
- Endotoxin
- Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) in Membrane
- Polysaccharide Capsule
- IgA Protease
- Waterhouse Friderichsen Syndrome
- Adrenal Insufficiency
- Petechial Rash
- Ceftriaxone
- Rifampin Prophylaxis
Common Causes of Meningitis: Adolescent and Adult (6 - 60 Years Old)
- Enteroviruses
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- Neisseria meningitidis (#1 Cause in Teens)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
Common Causes of Meningitis: Elderly (60+ Years Old)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Gram-Negative Rods
- Listeria Monocytogenes
Common Causes of Meningitis: Newborn (0-6 Months)
- Group B Streptococci
- E. coli
- Listeria monocytogenes
Common Causes of Meningitis: Children (6 Months - 6 Years)
- Enteroviruses
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Haemophilus influenzae Type B
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
Rifampin
- Tuberculosis (TB)
- Blocks RNA Polymerization
- Haemophilus influenzae Type B
- Leprosy
- Meningitis
- P450 inducer
- Red-orange urine
Multiple Sclerosis Features and Mechanisms
- More Common in Women
- Presents in 20's and 30's
- Northern Europeans
- Unknown mechanism, genetic factor
- HLA-DRB1
- Autoimmune Demyelination of CNS
- White Matter of Brain and Spinal Cord
- T Cell Mediated Inflammation
Multiple Sclerosis Interventions
- Corticosteroids
- Interferon Beta
- Dimethyl Fumarate (Tecfidera)
- Fingolimod (Gilenya)
- Mitoxantrone (Novantrone)
- Natalizumab (Tysabri)
- Increase Exercise
- Identify Triggers
Parkinson's Disease Assessment
- Decreased Dopamine
- Older Adult
- Cogwheel Rigidity
- Bradykinesia
- Shuffling Gait
- Resting Tremor
- Pill-Rolling
- Mask-Like Face
- Cognitive Decline
Parkinson's Disease Interventions
- Levodopa/Carbidopa (Sinemet)
- Entacapone (Comtan)
- Selegiline (Eldepryl)
- Amantadine (Symmetrel)
- Bromocriptine (Parlodel)
- Benztropine (Cogentin)
- Allow Extra Time
- Ensure Patient Safety
- Surgery As Last Resort
Parkinson's Drugs
- Decreased Dopamine
- Increased Acetylcholine
- BALSA Acronym
- Bromocriptine
- Amantadine
- Levodopa
- Selegiline
- Antimuscarinics
Seizure Precautions
- Reduce Environmental Stimuli
- Identify Triggers
- Aura
- Pad Side Rails
- Bed Lowest Position
- Oxygen and Suction Available
- Monitor Therapeutic Drug Levels
Levodopa/Carbidopa (Sinemet)
- Parkinson's Disease
- Increase Dopamine in Brain
- Cross blood-brain barrier
- Increase bioavailability
- Arrhythmias
- Dyskinesia
Seizure Interventions
- Maintain Airway
- Side-lying Position
- Support Head
- Move to Floor
- Benzodiazepines
- Never Restrain
- No Objects in Mouth
- Document Details
Valproic Acid
- First Line Tonic-Clonic Seizure Treatment
- Bipolar Disorder
- Migraine Prophylaxis
- Increases GABA Concentration
- Blocks Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels
- GI Distress
- Contraindicated in Pregnancy
Valproic Acid (Valproate) Side Effects
- Vomiting
- Alopecia
- Liver Toxicity
- Pancreatitis/Pancytopenia
- Retain Fat (Weight Gain)
- Oedema (Edema)
- Appetite Increase
- Tremor
- Enzyme Inhibitor (P450)
Carbamazepine
- First-line Seizure Medication
- First Line for Trigeminal Neuralgia
- Stabilizes Inactive State of Na+ Channels
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
- Induce Cytochrome P450
- Teratogen
- Hepatotoxicity
- Blood Dyscrasias
Phenytoin
- Status Epilepticus
- Tonic-Clonic Seizures
- Blocks Na+ Channel Activation
- Inhibition of Glutamate Release
- Class IB Antiarrhythmic
- Teratogenic
- Macrocytic Megaloblastic Anemia
- Induce Cytochrome P450
- Drug-induced Lupus
- Neuropathy
- Hirsutism
- Gingival Hyperplasia
Ethosuximide
- First Line Absence Seizure Treatment
- Blocks Thalamic T-Type Ca2+ Channels
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
- Fatigue
- Diarrhea
Gabapentin
- Seizure Treatment
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Postherpetic Neuralgia
- Bipolar Disorder
- Migraine Prophylaxis
- Inhibits Voltage-Gated Ca2+ channels
- Designed as a GABA Analog
- Ataxia
- Sedation
Types of Seizures
- Tonic-clonic
- Tonic
- Clonic
- Absence (Petit Mal)
- Myoclonic
- Atonic
- Partial (Focal) Seizure
- Simple Partial
- Complex Partial
Types of Strokes
- Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
- Reversible Ischemic Neurologic Deficit (RIND)
- Ischemic
- Thrombotic
- Atherosclerosis
- Embolic
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Hemorrhagic
- Severe Hypertension
Clopidogrel (Plavix)
- ADP Receptor Antagonist
- Prevent Platelet Aggregation
- Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
- Prevention of Thrombotic Events
- Bleeding
- Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
- Pancytopenia
- Abdominal Pain
- Withhold Before Surgery
Warfarin
- Interferes with Vitamin K-dependent Clotting Factors
- Extrinsic Pathway
- Bridge with Heparin
- Chronic Anticoagulation
- Bleeding
- Necrosis
- Cytochrome P450
- Pregnancy
- FFP + Vitamin K
Methotrexate
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Cancer
- Medical Abortion
- Folic Acid Analog
- Inhibits Dihydrofolate Reductase
- Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Myelosuppression is Treated with Leucovorin Rescue (Folinic Acid)
- Macrocytic Anemia
- Hepatitis
- Teratogenic
- Mucositis
Temporal Arteritis
- Giant Cell Arteritis
- Granulomatous
- Old Females
- Polymyalgia Rheumatica
- Unilateral Headache
- Jaw Claudication
- Blindness
- Increased ESR
- Normal Serum Creatine Kinase
- Steroids
Azathioprine (Imuran)
- Antimetabolite
- Prodrug of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP)
- Inhibits Synthesis of Nucleic Acids
- Autoimmune Disorders
- Kidney Transplantation
- Myelosuppression
- Increased Toxicity with Allopurinol Use
- Pancreatitis
- Malignancy
Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) Overview
- Immunosuppressant
- Inhibits Calcineurin, Decreasing IL-2
- Prevent Transplant Rejection
- Psoriasis
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Monitor Plasma Levels
- Avoid Grapefruit Juice
- Increased Risk of Lymphoma
Cyclophosphamide
- Requires Bioactivation by Liver
- Cross-links DNA
- Guanine N7 Position
- Autoimmune Disorders
- Leukemia
- Lymphoma
- Solid Tumors
- Myelosuppression
- Hemorrhagic Cystitis
- Prevent with Mesna