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Pharmacotherapeutics for Advanced Nursing Practice, 1st. Ed., Demler & Rhoads, 2018/
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Pharmacotherapeutics for Advanced Nursing Practice, 1st. Ed., Demler & Rhoads, 2018 | Nurse Practitioner (NP) School Study Aid
Celecoxib
- Indications
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Osteoarthritis
- Pain
- Mechanism of Action
- NSAID
- Selectively Inhibits COX-2
- Side Effects
- Sulfa Allergy
- Increased Risk of Thrombosis
- GI Bleed
- Contraindication
- Pregnancy > 30 Weeks
1 min
Aspirin
- Indications
- Fever
- Pain and Headache
- Cardiovascular Disease (CAD)
- Mechanism of Action
- Irreversible inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2
- Suppress Thromboxanes and Prostaglandins
- NSAID
- Side Effects
- Reye's Syndrome
- Tinnitus
- Peptic Ulceration
- Mixed Acidosis/Alkalosis
- Nephropathy
2 mins
Magnesium Sulfate
- Mechanism
- Muscle Relaxant
- Indications
- Preterm Labor Contractions
- Preeclampsia
- Side Effects
- Warm Feeling
- Hypotension
- Decreased Deep Tendon Reflexes (DTRS)
- Decreased Respiratory Rate
- Decreased Urine Output
- Paralytic Ileus
- Antidote
- Calcium Gluconate
2 mins
Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
- Mechanisms
- NSAID
- COX Inhibitor
- Indications
- General Pain
- Fever
- Inflammatory Conditions
- Side Effects
- GI Ulcers
- Nephrotoxicity
- Rash
- Considerations
- Avoid with Alcohol
- Risk of Thrombotic Event
2 mins
NSAIDs
- Indications
- Anti-inflammatory
- Analgesic
- Fever
- Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
- Mechanism of Action
- Reversible Inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2
- Block Prostaglandin Synthesis
- Side Effects
- Interstitial Nephritis
- Gastric Ulcer
- Renal Ischemia
1 min
Codeine
- Mechanism
- Opioid Receptor Agonist
- Indications
- Mild to Moderate Pain
- Cough Suppressant
- Side Effects
- Sedation
- Constipation
- Miosis
- Considerations
- Close Monitoring When Breast Feeding
- Often Combined with Non-Opioids
2 mins
Meperidine (Demerol)
- Mechanism
- Opioid Receptor Agonist
- Indications
- Moderate to Severe Pain
- Post Anesthesia Shivering
- Side Effects
- Tremors
- Constipation
- CNS Depression
- Sedation
- Considerations
- Short Term Administration
- Increased Risk Serotonin Syndrome
- Does NOT cause Miosis
- Renal Failure Increases Toxicity Risk
2 mins
Morphine
- Mechanism
- Opioid Receptor Agonist
- Indications
- Pain
- Myocardial Infarction
- Side Effects
- Nausea and Vomiting
- CNS Depression
- Biliary Colic
- Constipation
- Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
- Pupillary Constriction
- Hypotension
2 mins
Tramadol
- Indications
- Chronic Pain
- Mechanism of Action
- Weak Opioid
- Inhibit Serotonin and NE reuptake
- Side Effect
- Increased Risk of Seizure
48 secs
Butorphanol
- Indications
- Migraine
- Severe Pain
- Labor
- Mechanism of Action
- Partial Agonist at Mu and Full Agonist at Kappa Receptors
- Less Respiratory Depression
- Side Effects
- Withdrawal Symptoms
1 min
Acetaminophen
- Indications
- Fever
- Pain
- Mechanism of Action
- Reversibly Inhibits COX
- Acts Primarily in CNS
- Side Effect
- Hepatic Necrosis
- N-acetylcysteine Antidote
51 secs
Acetaminophen Antidote
- Antidote
- N-Acetylcysteine
33 secs
Gabapentin
- Primary Indication
- Seizure Treatment
- Secondary Indications
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Postherpetic Neuralgia
- Bipolar Disorder
- Migraine Prophylaxis
- Characteristics
- Inhibits Voltage-Gated Ca2+ channels
- Designed as a GABA Analog
- Side Effects
- Ataxia
- Sedation
2 mins
Pregabalin (Lyrica)
- Mechanism
- GABA Analog
- Indications
- Seizures
- Neuropathic Pain
- Fibromyalgia
- Side Effects
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Ataxia
- Somnolence (Fatigue)
- Weight Gain
- Angioedema
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Considerations
- Dependence
2 mins
Gout Treatment
- Acute (Acute-angle)
- NSAIDs
- Glucocorticoids
- Colchicine
- Impairs Leukocyte Chemotaxis
- Chronic Gout (Crone Goat)
- Inhibit Xanthine Oxidase
- Allopurinol
- Febuxostat
- Inhibit Reabsorption of Uric Acid
- Probenecid
1 min
Naloxone (Narcan)
- Mechanism
- Competitive Opioid Receptor Antagonist
- Indications
- Opioid Induced CNS Depression
- Side Effects
- Severe Nausea and Vomiting
- Excitable State
- Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms
- Considerations
- Repeated Dosing Often Required
1 min
Opioid Antidote
- Antidote
- Naloxone
29 secs
Phenobarbital (Barbiturates)
- Mechanism
- Barbiturate
- Indications
- Seizures
- Side Effects
- Ataxia
- Paradoxical Excitement
- Fatigue/Drowsiness
- Considerations
- Monitor Plasma Levels
- High Potential for Abuse
1 min
Benzodiazepines Overview
- Indications
- First Line for Status Epilepticus
- Anesthesia Induction
- Anxiety
- Eclampsia
- Detoxification
- Mechanism of Action
- '-zepam' and '-zolam" Suffix
- Increase Frequency of Cl- Channel Opening
- Side Effects
- Decrease REM Sleep
- CNS Depression
- Dependence
- Antidote
- Flumazenil for Overdose
2 mins
Alcohol Use Disorder Interventions (Formerly Alcohol Abuse Interventions)
- Withdrawal
- Reduce Environmental Stimuli
- Antianxiety Medications
- Vitamin Supplements
- Seizure Precautions
- Suicide Precautions
- Fever
- Considerations
- Identify Support Systems
- Group Therapy
- Disulfiram
- Naltrexone
2 mins
Seizure Interventions
- Maintain Airway
- Side-lying Position
- Support Head
- Move to Floor
- Benzodiazepines
- Considerations
- Never Restrain
- No Objects in Mouth
- Document Details
2 mins
Phenytoin
- Indications
- Status Epilepticus
- Tonic-Clonic Seizures
- Mechanism of Action
- Blocks Na+ Channel Activation
- Inhibition of Glutamate Release
- Class IB Antiarrhythmic
- Side Effects
- Teratogenic
- Macrocytic Megaloblastic Anemia
- Induce Cytochrome P450
- Drug-induced Lupus
- Neuropathy
- Hirsutism
- Gingival Hyperplasia
1 min
Ethosuximide
- Indications
- First Line Absence Seizure Treatment
- Mechanism of Action
- Blocks Thalamic T-Type Ca2+ Channels
- Side Effects
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
- Fatigue
- Diarrhea
32 secs
Carbamazepine
- Indications
- First-line Seizure Medication
- First Line for Trigeminal Neuralgia
- Mechanism of Action
- Stabilizes Inactive State of Na+ Channels
- Side Effects
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
- Induce Cytochrome P450
- Teratogen
- Hepatotoxicity
- Blood Dyscrasias
2 mins
Lamotrigine
- Indications
- Seizure Treatment
- Bipolar Disorder
- Mechanism of Action
- Blocks Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels
- Side Effect
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
1 min
Topiramate
- Indications
- Seizure Treatment
- Migraine Prophylaxis
- Mechanism of Action
- Increase GABA Action
- Blocks Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels
- Side Effects
- Kidney Stones
- Weight Loss
- Sedation
1 min
Valproic Acid (Valproate) Side Effects
- V-A-L-P-R-O-A-T-E
- Vomiting
- Alopecia
- Liver Toxicity
- Pancreatitis/Pancytopenia
- Retain Fat (Weight Gain)
- Oedema (Edema)
- Appetite Increase
- Tremor
- Enzyme Inhibitor (P450)
2 mins
Fluoxetine (Prozac)
- Mechanism of Action
- Inhibits Reuptake of Serotonin
- Indications
- Depression
- Side Effects
- Sexual Dysfunction
- CNS Stimulation
- Weight Changes
- Serotonin Syndrome
- Contraindications
- No MAO-Is
- No Anticoagulants / Antiplatelets
- Considerations
- Suicide Risk
- Delayed Onset of Action
2 mins
Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
- Indications
- Depression
- Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
- Duloxetine
- Panic and Anxiety
- Venlafaxine
- Mechanism of Action
- Inhibits Reuptake of Serotonin and NE
- Side Effects
- Hypertension
- Insomnia
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Decreased Libido
1 min
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) Overview
- Indications
- Depression
- Anxiety
- Mechanism of Action
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
- Drugs
- Paroxetine
- Sertraline
- Escitalopram
- Fluoxetine
- Side Effects
- Sexual Dysfunction
- Serotonin Syndrome
- Treat with Cyproheptadine
2 mins
Trazodone
- Indications
- Insomnia
- Depression
- Mechanism of Action
- Inhibit Serotonin Reuptake
- Alpha-1 Blocker
- Histamine (H1) Blocker
- Side Effects
- Sedation
- Orthostatic Hypotension
- Dry Mouth
- Priapism
- Arrhythmias
2 mins
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) Indications
- Indications
- Major Depression
- Bedwetting
- Fibromyalgia
- OCD
- Drugs
- -Iptyline or -Ipramine Suffix
- Amitriptyline
- Desipramine
- Clomipramine
- Imipramine
- Nortriptyline
2 mins
Bupropion
- Indications
- Depression
- Smoking Cessation
- Mechanism of Action
- Increase Dopamine and NE
- Side Effects
- Stimulant Side Effects
- Seizure
1 min
Atypical Antipsychotics
- Indications
- Schizophrenia
- Mechanism of Action
- Unknown Mechanism
- Side Effects
- Seizures
- Prolonged QT Interval
- Agranulocytosis
- Weight Gain
- Fewer Extrapyramidal Side Effects
- Fewer Anticholinergic Side Effects
2 mins
Aripiprazole (Abilify)
- Mechanism
- 2nd Generation Atypical Antipsychotic
- Indications
- Schizophrenia
- Bipolar Disorder
- Depression
- Side Effects
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Insomnia
- Anxiety
- Considerations
- Low Risk of Extrapyramidal Symptoms
- Lowest Risk of Weight Gain
2 mins
Clozapine (Clozaril)
- Mechanism
- Atypical Antipsychotic
- Indications
- Schizophrenia
- Levodopa-Induced Psychosis
- Side Effects
- Weight Gain
- Hypersalivation (Sialorrhea)
- Myocarditis
- Agranulocytosis
- Sedation
- Orthostatic Hypotension
- Constipation (Risk of Bowel Ileus)
- Considerations
- Weekly Lab Tests
2 mins
Risperidone (Risperdal)
- Mechanism
- Atypical Antipsychotic
- Indications
- Schizophrenia
- Bipolar Mania
- Autism-Associated Irritability
- Side Effects
- Extrapyramidal Symptoms
- Hyperprolactinemia
- Gynecomastia
- Galactorrhea
- Amenorrhea
- Prolonged QT
- Considerations
- Intramuscular Long Acting (Depot) Form
2 mins
Haloperidol (Haldol)
- Mechanism
- High Potency Antipsychotic
- Indications
- Migraine
- Schizophrenia
- Side Effects
- Extrapyramidal Symptoms
- Weight Gain
- QT Prolongation
- Restlessness
- Considerations
- Caution in Seizure Patients
- Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
2 mins
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Interventions
- Drug Therapy
- CNS Stimulants
- Amphetamine
- Methylphenidate
- Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
- Atomoxetine (Strattera)
- Guanfacine (Intuniv)
- Considerations
- Manage Disruptive Behavior
- Provide Simple Instructions
2 mins
CNS Stimulants
- Indications
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
- Obesity
- Mechanism of Action
- Increase Catecholamines at Synaptic Cleft
- Increase Norepinephrine
- Increase Dopamine
- Drug Names
- Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
- Methamphetamine
- Side Effect
- Potential for Abuse
57 secs
Benzodiazepine Intoxication Assessment
- Drowsiness
- Confusion
- Respiratory Depression
- Hypotension
- Coma
- Treatment
- Flumazenil (Romazicon)
2 mins
Buspirone
- Indications
- Generalized Anxiety
- Mechanism of Action
- Releases Dopamine and NE
- Stimulates 5-HT1A receptors
- Side Effects
- Low Side Effect Profile
- Safer with Alcohol than Other Anxiolytics
1 min
Promethazine (Phenergan)
- Mechanism
- Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonist
- Weak Dopamine Antagonist
- Indications
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Motion Sickness
- Side Effects
- Respiratory Depression
- Sedation
- Anticholinergic Effects
- Extrapyramidal Symptoms
- Considerations
- Use Large Bore IV
- Monitor for Tissue Necrosis
2 mins
Zolpidem (Ambien)
- Mechanism
- Hypnotic
- Indications
- Insomnia
- Side Effects
- Daytime Drowsiness
- Bizarre Sleep Behaviors
- Sleep Driving
- Angioedema
- Considerations
- Short Term Administration
- Take Immediately Before Bedtime
1 min
Lithium
- Indications
- Bipolar Disorder
- Mechanism of Action
- Mood Stabilizer
- Unknown Mechanism
- Side Effects
- Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Hypothyroidism
- Movement (Tremor)
- Heart Block
- Contraindication
- Pregnancy (Ebstein's Anomaly)
1 min
Valproic Acid
- Indications
- First Line Tonic-Clonic Seizure Treatment
- Bipolar Disorder
- Migraine Prophylaxis
- Mechanism of Action
- Increases GABA Concentration
- Blocks Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels
- Side Effect
- GI Distress
- Contraindication
- Contraindicated in Pregnancy
1 min
Sumatriptan
- Mechanism of Action
- Short Half-Life
- 5-HT Agonist
- Inhibits Trigeminal Nerve Activation
- Induces Vasoconstriction
- Indications
- Migraine
- Cluster Headache
- Side Effects
- Increased Risk of Serotonin Syndrome
- Paresthesias
- Coronary Vasospasm
- Contraindication
- Prinzmetal's Angina
- Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
3 mins
Migraine Headache Treatments
- Acute Treatment
- Avoid Triggers
- Sumatriptan
- NSAIDs
- Preventative Treatment
- Beta Blockers
- Calcium Channel Blockers
- Amitriptyline
- Topiramate (Anticonvulsants)
1 min
Parkinson's Drugs
- Parkinsons Characteristics
- Decreased Dopamine
- Increased Acetylcholine
- Drug Names
- BALSA Acronym
- Bromocriptine
- Amantadine
- Levodopa
- Selegiline
- Antimuscarinics
2 mins
Benztropine (Cogentin)
- Mechanism
- Anticholinergic
- Indications
- Parkinson's Disease
- Acute Dystonia
- Side Effects
- Mydriasis
- Dry Mouth
- Urinary Retention
- Tachycardia
- Constipation
- Psychosis
1 min
Levodopa/Carbidopa (Sinemet)
- Indications
- Parkinson's Disease
- Mechanism of Action
- Increase Dopamine in Brain
- Cross blood-brain barrier
- Increase bioavailability
- Side Effects
- Arrhythmias
- Dyskinesia
1 min
Parkinson's Disease Interventions
- Medications
- Levodopa/Carbidopa (Sinemet)
- Entacapone (Comtan)
- Selegiline (Eldepryl)
- Amantadine (Symmetrel)
- Bromocriptine (Parlodel)
- Benztropine (Cogentin)
- Considerations
- Allow Extra Time
- Ensure Patient Safety
- Surgery As Last Resort
2 mins
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