Ace Your Genitourinary / Renal System Classes and Exams with Picmonic: #1 Visual Mnemonic Study Tool for Nurse Practitioner (NP) Students
With Picmonic, facts become pictures. We've taken what the science shows - image mnemonics work - but we've boosted the effectiveness by building and associating memorable characters, interesting audio stories, and built-in quizzing. Whether you're studying for your classes or getting ready for a big exam, we're here to help.
Genitourinary / Renal System | Nurse Practitioner (NP) School Study Aid
Nephritic Syndrome
- Inflammatory
- Hematuria
- RBC casts
- Increased Nitrogen in blood
- Oliguria
- Hypertension
- Proteinuria < 3.5 grams per day
2 mins
Nephrotic Syndrome
- Signs and Symptoms
- Massive Proteinuria > 3.5g per Day
- Edema
- Increased risk of infection
- Thromboembolism
- Hyperlipidemia
- Fatty casts
1 min
Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis
- Pathophysiology
- Nephritic
- Children
- Signs and Symptoms
- Edema
- Cola Colored Urine
- Follows Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis or Skin Infection
- Diagnosis
- Neutrophils
- Immunofluorescence (IF) Granular
- Lumpy Bumpy Appearance on Immunofluorescence (IF)
- Subepithelial Immune Complex Humps
2 mins
Membranous Glomerulonephritis
- Characteristics
- Nephrotic
- Diagnosis
- LM Thickening of Capillary and Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBM)
- EM Spike and Dome Appearance with Subepithelial Deposits
- IF Granular
- Primary
- Phospholipase A2 Receptor Autoantibodies
- Secondary
- NSAIDS
- Gold
- Solid Tumors
- Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
- Lupus
3 mins
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
- Nephritic-Nephrotic Syndrome
- Type I
- Subendothelial Immune Complexes
- Hepatitis C Virus
- Granular IF
- Tram Tracks Caused by Splitting of the GBM
- Ingrowth of Mesangium
- Type II
- Dense Deposit Disease
- C3 Nephritic Factor
2 mins
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
- Pathogenesis
- Nephritic Syndrome
- Crescent Shape
- Crescents Consist of Fibrin and C3b
- With Parietal Cells, Monocytes, and Macrophages
- IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE
- Linear Immunofluorescence
- Negative Immunofluorescence
- Granular Immunofluorescence
- Etiology
- Goodpasture Syndrome
- Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Formerly Wegener's)
- Microscopic Polyangiitis
- Prognosis
- Poor Prognosis
3 mins
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
- Most Common Cause of Nephrotic Syndrome in Hispanic People and African Americans
- Associated with Sickle Cell Disease and HIV
- Associated Interferon Therapy and Heroin Abuse
- Histopathology
- LM Segmental Sclerosis and Hyalinosis
- EM Focal Damage of Visceral Epithelial Cells
- IF Negative
- Signs & Symptoms
- Microscopic Hematuria
- Nonselective Proteinuria
- Considerations
- Poor Prognosis
2 mins
Pyelonephritis Assessment
- Cause/Mechanism
- Ascending Urethral Bacteria
- Assessment
- Dysuria
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Flank Pain
- Costovertebral Tenderness
- Nausea and Vomiting
1 min
Pyelonephritis Interventions
- Urinalysis
- NSAIDs
- Antibiotics
- Increase Fluid Intake
- Avoid Catheterization
- Consideration
- Urosepsis
1 min
Kidney Transplant
- Indications
- End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
- Considerations
- Selective Candidacy
- Close Compatibility
- Immunosuppressants
- Monitor for Rejection
- Monitor for Infection
- Monitor Urine Output
2 mins
Wilms' Tumor (Nephroblastoma)
- Cause
- Malignant Renal Tumor
- Assessment
- Abdominal Mass
- Hematuria
- Fever
- Hypertension
- Interventions
- Nephrectomy
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation
- Considerations
- Do Not Palpate Abdomen
- Children Under 5 Years Old
2 mins
Indications for Urgent Dialysis (AEIOU)
- Signs and Symptoms
- AEIOU Mnemonic
- Acidosis
- pH < 7.1
- Electrolyte Imbalances
- Symptomatic Hyperkalemia
- > 6.5 mEq/L
- Ingestion
- Overload (Volume)
- Uremia
- Encephalitis
- Pericarditis
2 mins
Casts in Urine (Differential Diagnosis)
- Characteristics
- RBC Casts
- Glomerular Disease
- WBC Casts
- Acute Interstitial Nephritis
- Acute Pyelonephritis
- Fatty Casts
- Maltese Cross Sign
- Nephrotic Syndrome
- Granular Muddy Brown Casts
- Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)
- Waxy Casts
- End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) (Chronic Renal Failure)
- Hyaline Casts
- Non-Specific
2 mins
Fanconi Syndrome Characteristics
- Pathophysiology
- Resorption Defect in Proximal Tubule
- Signs and Symptoms
- Hypophosphatemia
- Rickets
- Osteomalacia
- Hypokalemia
- Metabolic Acidosis
- Type 2 Renal Tubular Acidosis
- Treatment
- Treat Underlying Disorder
- Bicarbonate
1 min
Fanconi Syndrome Causes
- Hereditary Causes
- Cystinosis
- Dent's Disease
- Wilson's Disease
- Oculocerebrorenal (Lowe) Syndrome
- Galactosemia
- Hereditary Fructose Intolerance
- Glycogen Storage Diseases
- Tyrosinemia
- Acquired and Medication Causes
- Tenofovir
- Heavy Metals
- Expired Tetracyclines
- Cisplatin
- Gentamycin (Aminoglycosides)
- Valproate Sodium
- Multiple Myeloma
2 mins
Minimal Change Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Nephrotic
- Most Common in Children
- May be Triggered by Recent Infection or Immune Stimulus
- Diagnosis
- On Electron Microscopy (EM) See Foot Process (Podocyte) Effacement
- On Light Microscopy (LM) See Normal Glomeruli
- Loss of Negative Charge
- Selective Loss of Albumin
- Treatment
- Responds to Corticosteroids
2 mins
Berger's Disease (IgA Nephropathy)
- Nephritic
- IgA Nephropathy
- Immune Complex Deposit in Mesangium
- Increased Synthesis of IgA
- Most Common Cause of Nephritic Syndrome
- Overlapping Features with Henoch–Schönlein Purpura
- Presents with Pharyngitis, URI or Acute Gastroenteritis
1 min
Alport Syndrome
- Pathophysiology
- Nephritic
- X-linked
- Mutation in Type IV Collagen
- Diagnosis
- Split Basement Membrane
- Basket Weave Appearance
- Signs and Symptoms
- Ocular Disorders
- Deafness
2 mins
Amyloidosis
- Etiologies
- Primary
- Multiple Myeloma
- Secondary
- Tuberculosis (TB)
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Pathology
- Congo Red Stain
- Apple Green Birefringence
- Complications
- Nephrotic Syndrome
2 mins
Respiratory Acidosis
- Hypoventilation
- Increased PaCO2 > 45
- Barbiturates Depress Central Respiratory Center of Brain
- Opioids Depress Central Respiratory Center of the Brain
- Airway Obstruction
- Respiratory Muscle Weakness/Paralysis
3 mins
Respiratory Alkalosis
- Hyperventilation
- High Altitude
- Aspirin
- Restrictive Lung Disease
- Pulmonary Embolism
- Pregnancy
- Progesterone
- Rib Fracture
- Anxiety
2 mins
Normal Gap Metabolic Acidosis
- HARD-ASS
- Hyperalimentation
- Addison's Disease
- Renal Tubular Acidosis
- Diarrhea
- Acetazolamide
- Spironolactone
- Saline Infusion
2 mins
Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
- Pathophysiology
- Increased Anion Gap
- MUDPILES
- Methanol
- Uremia
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
- Propylene Glycol
- Isoniazid or Iron
- Lactic Acid
- Ethylene Glycol
- Salicylates
1 min
Metabolic Alkalosis
- Diuretic use
- Vomiting
- Antacid
- Hyperaldosteronism
26 secs
Transitional Cell Carcinoma
- Most Common Cause Of Lower Urinary Tract Cancer
- Risk factors
- Cyclophosphamide
- P-SAC
- Cigarette Smoke
- Azo Dyes, Alcohol, Anilines (Dyes, Rubber)
- Older Adult
- Signs and Symptoms
- Painless Hematuria
3 mins
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (Type I)
- Pathophysiology
- Distal Tube
- Defect in H+ Secretion
- Labs
- Increased Urinary pH
- Urinary pH >5.5
- Hypokalemia
- Causes
- Amphotericin B Toxicity
- Autoimmune Disease
- Lithium
- Obstruction Of The Urinary Tract
- Complication
- Kidney Stones
- Treatment
- Bicarbonate
3 mins
Syndrome Of Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess (SAME)
- Pathophysiology
- 11 Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Deficiency
- Elevated Cortisol
- Low Renin
- Low Aldosterone
- Causes
- Autosomal-Recessive
- Licorice (glycyrrhetinic acid) Ingestion
- Signs & Symptoms
- Hypertension
- Hypokalemia
- Metabolic Alkalosis
- Treatment
- Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
4 mins
Gitelman Syndrome
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal Recessive
- Defective Sodium-Chloride Cotransporter in Distal Tubule
- Mechanism Mimics Thiazide Diuretics
- Clinical Presentation
- Cramping and Tetany
- Severe Fatigue
- Polyuria
- Diagnosis
- Hypokalemia
- Metabolic Alkalosis
- High Urine Chloride
- Treatment
- Electrolyte Supplements
- Spironolactone
4 mins
Type 2 Renal Tubular Acidosis
- Proximal Tubule
- Pathophysiology
- Inability To Reabsorb Bicarbonate
- ETIOLOGY
- Fanconi Syndrome
- Sporadic Type
- Familial Types
- Autosomal Recessive
- Acetazolamide
- Characteristics
- Decreased Urinary pH
- Hypokalemia
- Treatments
- Treat Underlying Disorder
- Alkali Therapy
4 mins
Renal Tubular Acidosis Type 4
- Characteristics
- Aldosterone Resistance
- Decreased Aldosterone Production
- Causes Of Hypoaldosteronism
- Addison’s Disease (Primary Adrenal Insufficiency)
- Hyporeninism
- Causes Of Aldosterone Resistance
- Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
- Potassium Sparing Diuretics
- Labs
- Hyperkalemia
- Low Urine pH
- Diminished Ammonium (NH4) Urinary Excretion
- Treatment
- Furosemide
- Fludrocortisone
5 mins
Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis (DPGN)
- Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndrome
- Associations
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
- IgA Nephropathy
- Characteristics
- Wire Looping
- IF Granular
- Subendothelial Immune Complexes
- Subepithelial Immune Complexes
- C3 Deposition
- Treatment
- Treat Underlying Disorder
- Steroids
2 mins
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder Clinical Features
- Risk Factors
- Smoking
- Chronic Cystitis
- Schistosoma
- Chronic Nephrolithiasis
- Clinical Findings
- Painless Hematuria
- Urinary Frequency and Urgency
1 min
Potter Sequence
- PATHOGENESIS
- Oligohydramnios
- clinical findings
- Limb Deformities
- Facial Anomalies
- Pulmonary Hypoplasia (Most Common Cause of Death)
- Etiologies
- Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD)
- Posterior Urethral Valves
- Chronic Placental Insufficiency
- Bilateral Renal Agenesis
3 mins
Liddle Syndrome
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal Dominant
- Collecting Duct
- Gain of Function Mutation in Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC)
- Excess Na+ and H2O Reabsorption
- Clinical Features
- Decreased Renin
- Decreased Aldosterone
- Hypertension with Hypokalemia
- Metabolic Alkalosis
- Pseudohyperaldosteronism
- Treatment
- Amiloride and Triamterene
3 mins
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder Diagnosis and Management
- Diagnosis
- Urinalysis
- CT Urography
- Cystoscopy with Biopsy
- Management
- Surgery
- Radiation
- Chemotherapy
2 mins
Bartter Syndrome
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal Recessive
- Thick Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle
- Defective NKCC Cotransporter
- Decreased Na+ Reabsorption
- Decreased Ca2+ Reabsorption
- Increased Aldosterone
- Clinical Features
- Hypovolemia
- Polyuria and Polydipsia
- Metabolic Alkalosis
- Mimics Loop Diuretics
- Nephrolithiasis
- Treatment
- Spironolactone (Aldactone)
4 mins
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
- Characteristics
- Autosomal Dominant
- Mutations in PKD1/2
- Cystic Enlargement of Renal Tubules
- Clinical Features
- Chronic Kidney Disease
- Hypertension
- Mitral Valve Prolapse
- Hepatic Cysts
- Berry (Saccular) Aneurysms
3 mins
Renal Oncocytoma
- Characteristics
- Benign Epithelial Tumor
- Central Radial Scar
- Excessive Mitochondria
- Renal Cortex
- Clinical Features
- Hematuria
- Flank Pain
- Abdominal Mass
- Considerations
- Malignant Transformation
- Surgical Resection
2 mins
Nephrolithiasis Diagnosis and Management
- Diagnosis
- Urinalysis with Culture
- Noncontrast CT
- Ultrasound
- Management
- < 10 mm
- Supportive Care
- 10-20 mm
- Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy
- Ureteroscopy
- > 20 mm
- Surgery
2 mins
Nephrolithiasis Stone Types (Part 1/2)
- Calcium Oxalate
- Calcium Oxalate
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Ethylene Glycol
- Vitamin C
- "Dumbbell", Bipyramidal, or Octahedral-shaped
- Radiopaque
- Uric Acid
- Uric Acid
- Gout
- Tumor Lysis Syndrome
- Rhomboidal, Rosette, or Needle-shaped
- Radiolucent
- Decreased Urine pH
2 mins
Nephrolithiasis Stone Types (Part 2/2)
- Struvite
- Struvite (Ammonium Magnesium Phosphate)
- Urinary Tract Infections
- "Coffin Lid" Appearance
- Radiopaque
- Increased Urine pH
- Calcium Phosphate
- Calcium Phosphate
- Hypercalcemia
- Wedge-shaped Prisms
- Radiopaque
- Increased Urine pH
2 mins
Renal Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis and Management
- Signs & Symptoms
- Triad: Hematuria, Flank Pain, Palpable Mass
- Constitutional Symptoms
- Paraneoplastic Syndromes
- Renal Vein and IVC Invasion
- Left-Sided Varicocele
- Metastasis to Lungs & Bone
- Diagnostic Workup
- Abdominal CT or Ultrasound
- Treatment
- Surgery if Localized
- Resistant to Radiation and Chemotherapy
2 mins
Ace Your Nurse Practitioner (NP) Classes & Exams with Picmonic:
Over 1,990,000 students use Picmonic’s picture mnemonics to improve knowledge, retention, and exam performance.
Choose the #1 Nurse Practitioner (NP) student study app.
Picmonic for Nurse Practitioner (NP) covers information that is relevant to your entire Nurse Practitioner (NP) education. Whether you’re studying for your classes or getting ready to conquer your licensing exams, we’re here to help.
Works better than traditional Nurse Practitioner (NP) flashcards.
Research shows that students who use Picmonic see a 331% improvement in memory retention and a 50% improvement in test scores.