Contraception
- Preventing Unplanned Pregnancy
- Spermicides
- Diaphragm
- Cervical Cap
- Contraceptive Sponge
- Male Condom
- Oral Contraceptive
- Intrauterine Device (IUD)
- Injectable Progestins
Endometriosis Characteristics
- Endometrial Tissue Outside of Uterus
- Glands and Stroma
- Most Common in Ovary, Pelvis, Peritoneum and Bowels
- "Chocolate Cyst" in Ovary
- Adenomyosis
- Retrograde Flow
- Metaplastic Transformation
- Mullerianosis
Endometriosis Symptoms and Treatment
- Dysmenorrhea
- Cyclic Pelvic Pain
- Dyschezia
- Dysuria
- Dyspareunia
- 30-40% are Infertile
- Surgery
- NSAIDs
- OCPs
- Progesterone (Progestins)
- GnRH Agonists
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Mechanism
- Hyperinsulinemia Increases GnRH Pulse Frequency
- Large Increase in LH
- Small Decrease in FSH
- Increased Androgen Production From Theca-Lutein Cells
- Decreased Steroid Hormone-Binding-Globulin (SHBG) Causes Increased Free Testosterone
- Obese Patients Have Increased Estrogen
- Increased Risk of Endometrial Cancer
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Symptoms and Diagnosis
- Most Common Cause of Infertility in Women
- Amenorrhea
- Acne
- Hirsutism
- Obesity
- Enlarged, Cystic Ovaries
- LH:FSH Ratio of 3:1
- "String of Pearls" on Ultrasound
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Treatment
- Weight Loss
- Oral Contraceptives
- Clomiphene Citrate
- Anti-androgens
- Cyclic Progesterone for Endometrial Protection
- Metformin
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Chlamydia Trachomatis
- Cervical Motion Tenderness
- Chandelier Sign
- Salpingitis
- Tubo-ovarian abscess
- Hydrosalpinx
- Ectopic Pregnancy
- Infertility
- Adhesions
- Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Interventions
- Antibiotics
- No Intercourse for 3 Weeks
- Semi-Fowler's Position
- Analgesics
- Monitor Temperature
- Treat Partners
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
- Bimodal Age Distribution
- Painless Vaginal Bleeding
- Amenorrhea
- Menorrhagia (Heavy Menstrual Bleeding)
- Metrorrhagia (Bleeding Between Menses)
- Balloon Thermotherapy
- Hormone Medications
- Dilation and Curettage (DandC)
- Monitor for Anemia
Infertility
- No Conception After 1 Year
- Artificial Insemination
- In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
- Clomiphene Citrate (Clomid)
- Menotropins
- GnRH Agonists
- Treat Underlying Disorders
- Emotional Support
- Multiple Gestations
Menopause Lab Findings
- Decreased Estrogen
- Lack of Negative Feedback
- Increased FSH
- Increased LH
- Increased GnRH
- Small Amount of Estrogen From Androgen Conversion
- Increased Androgens = Hirsutism
Menopause Symptoms
- HAVOCS Mnemonic
- Hot Flashes
- Atrophy of Vagina
- Osteoporosis
- Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- Sleep disturbances
Yolk Sac Tumor
- Germ-cell tumor
- AFP
- Aggressive Malignancy
- Yellow, Friable Solid
- Schiller-Duval Bodies
Teratoma
- Germ-cell Tumor
- Dermoid Cyst (Benign and Mature Teratoma)
- Immature Teratoma (Malignant)
- Struma Ovarii
Krukenberg Tumor
- Non-germ Cell Tumor
- Lymphatic Spread to Ovaries
- Metastasis
- GI Malignancy
- Mucin-secreting Signet Cell
Granulosa Cell Tumor
- Granulosa Cells
- Non-germ cell tumor
- Endometrial Carcinoma
- Call-Exner bodies
- Estrogen producing
- Precocious Puberty
Fibromas
- Non-germ cell tumor
- Meigs Syndrome
- Thecoma
- Pulling sensation in groin
- Spindle-shaped fibroblasts
Dysgerminoma
- Germ-cell tumor
- Most Common Malignant Germ Cell Tumor
- Uniform Cells
- Fried Egg Cells
- hCG
- LDH
- Seminoma-like
- Turner Syndrome
Ovarian Cystadenoma
- Non-germ cell tumor
- Serous
- Unilocular
- Bilateral
- Mucinous
- Multilocular
- Benign
- Most Common
Ovarian Cystadenocarcinoma
- Non-germ Cell Tumor
- Mucinous
- Peritoneal Spread
- Serous
- Psammoma Bodies
- Bilateral
- Malignant
- Stromal Invasion
- CA 125
- BRCA-1 and Lynch Syndrome
Choriocarcinoma
- Germ-cell tumor
- Trophoblastic tissue
- Hematogenous spread to lungs
- Malignant
- Theca-lutein cysts
- Hydatidiform Mole
- hCG
Brenner Tumor
- Non-germ cell tumor
- Transitional epithelium
- Benign and unilateral
- Coffee bean nuclei
Uterine Leiomyoma (Fibroids) Characteristics and Presentation
- Most Common Gynecologic Tumor
- Benign Smooth Muscle Tumor
- Early Menarche
- Hormone Sensitive
- African Americans
- Abnormal Menses
- Infertility
- Urinary Symptoms
- Irregularly Enlarged Uterus