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Pathology | Nurse Practitioner (NP) School Study Aid
Cirrhosis Assessment
- Mechanism
- Degeneration and Destruction of Liver Cells
- Signs and Symptoms
- Jaundice
- Fatigue
- Palmar Erythema
- Spider Angiomas
- Hepatosplenomegaly
- Edema
- Gynecomastia
- Change in LOC
2 mins
Cirrhosis Interventions
- Interventions
- Maintain Nutrition
- Paracentesis
- Esophageal and Gastric Varices
- Drug Therapy
- Endoscopic Band Ligation or Sclerotherapy
- Balloon Tamponade
- Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)
- Hepatic Encephalopathy
- Lactulose
- Antibiotics
2 mins
Complications of Cirrhosis
- Portal Hypertension
- Ascites
- Esophageal Varices
- Coagulation Defects
- Portal-Systemic Encephalopathy
- Hepatorenal Syndrome
1 min
Hepatitis A (HAV) Assessment
- Transmission
- Fecal-Oral
- Ingestion of Contaminated Food or Water
- Incubation
- 4 Weeks
- Assessment
- Fever
- General Malaise
- Hepatomegaly
- Considerations
- Self-Limiting
- Proper Hand Washing
2 mins
Hepatitis B (HBV) Assessment
- Transmission
- Bodily Fluids
- Blood Transmission
- People Who Use IV Drugs
- Incubation
- Variable 1-6 Months
- Assessment
- Fever
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Hepatomegaly
- Chronic Disease
- Cirrhosis
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- Considerations
- Vaccination
2 mins
Hepatitis C (HCV) Assessment
- Transmission
- Blood Transmission
- High Risk Sex (rare)
- IV Drug Users
- Incubation
- 7 Weeks
- Chronic Disease
- Cirrhosis
- Considerations
- Barrier Protection
2 mins
Gilbert's Syndrome
- Pathophysiology
- Decreased UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Activity
- Decreased Bilirubin Conjugation
- Signs and Symptoms
- Often Asymptomatic
- Jaundice (Mild)
- Fasting
- Stress
- Alcohol Intake
- Labs
- Increased Unconjugated Bilirubin
2 mins
Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type 1
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal Recessive
- Absent UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
- Symptoms
- Neonatal Jaundice
- Kernicterus
- Diagnosis
- Normal Liver Function Tests
- Elevated Unconjugated Bilirubin
- Treatment
- Phototherapy
- Plasmapheresis
- Calcium Phosphate and Orlistat
- Death often by Age 2
- Considerations
- No Response to Phenobarbital
3 mins
Budd-Chiari Syndrome
- Causes
- Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Hematologic Disorders
- Tumors
- Chronic Infections
- Mechanism
- Thrombosis of Major Hepatic Veins
- Centrilobular Congestion and Necrosis
- Symptoms
- Abdominal Pain
- Ascites
- Hepatomegaly
- Nutmeg Liver
3 mins
Acute Cholangitis Characteristics and Clinical Features
- Characteristics
- Biliary Tract Infection
- Biliary Tract Obstruction
- Clinical Features
- Charcot's Triad
- Fever
- Jaundice
- Abdominal Pain
- Reynold's Pentad
- + Hypotension
- + Altered Mental Status
2 mins
Ascending Cholangitis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Imaging
- ERCP
- CT Scan
- Ultrasound
- Biliary Duct Dilation and/or Stones
- Labs
- Hyperbilirubinemia
- Elevated Alkaline Phosphatase
- Elevated GGT
- Treatment
- Broad Spectrum Antibiotics
- Biliary Drainage
4 mins
Hepatic Encephalopathy
- Characteristics/Definition
- Seen in the Setting of Cirrhosis
- Hyperammonemia
- Altered Mental Status
- Coma
- TIPS
- Asterixis
- Management
- Lactulose
- Rifaximin
- Liver Transplant
3 mins
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
- Characteristics
- Cirrhosis
- Ascites
- Monomicrobial
- Clinical Features
- Often Asymptomatic
- Change in Mental Status
- Abdominal Pain
- Diagnosis
- Paracentesis
- PMN >250/mm3
- Management
- 3rd Generation Cephalosporin
- Albumin
- Antibiotic Prophylaxis
2 mins
