Hydrocele
- Impaired Lymphatic Drainage
- Large Scrotum
- Painless
- Needle Aspiration or Surgery
- Scrotal Support
- Monitor for Bleeding and Infection
Intussusception
- Telescoping of Bowel Segments
- Lead Point
- Episodic Abdominal Pain
- Diarrhea
- Sausage-Shaped Mass
- Red Currant Jelly Stools
- Ultrasound/CT
- Target Sign
- More Common in Children
- Rotavirus Vaccine Contraindicated
- Air or Hydrostatic Enema
- Surgical Reduction
Muscular Dystrophy
- X-linked Recessive
- Muscle Weakness
- Motor Problems
- Gower Sign
- Large Calves
- Waddling Gait
- Loss of Ambulation
- Cardiac and Respiratory Failure
Spina Bifida Assessment
- Congenital Malformation of Vertebrae
- Dimple With or Without Hair Tuft
- Lumbar Sac
- Hydrocephalus
- Paralysis
- Identify Type
Spina Bifida Interventions
- Surgery
- Prone Position
- Cover Sac with Moist (Sterile) Dressing
- Measure Head Circumference
- Bulging Fontanel
- Other Congenital Malformations Common
- Bowel Control
- Neurogenic Bladder
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
- Decreased Phenylalanine Hydroxylase
- Decreased Tetrahydrobiopterin Cofactor
- Autosomal Recessive
- Tyrosine Becomes Essential
- Phenylalanine Found in Nutrasweet
- Musty or Mousy Body Odor
- Growth Retardation
- Seizures
- Intellectual Disability
- Hypopigmentation
Hyperbilirubinemia
- Increased Unconjugated Bilirubin
- Jaundice
- Kernicterus
- Early Feedings
- Heme Oxygenase Inhibitors
- Phototherapy
- Protect Eyes
- Monitor for Dehydration
- Monitor Bilirubin Levels
Tonsillectomy
- Recurrent Tonsillitis
- Saline Gargles
- Ice Chips
- Monitor for Bleeding
- Within 24 Hours
- After 5-7 days
- Soft Foods
- Do Not Cough, Clear Throat, or Blow Nose
- Do Not Use Straws
Fragile X
- Trinucleotide Repeat
- CGG Repeats
- FMR1 Gene
- X-linked Dominant
- Developmental Delay
- Autism
- Large Ears
- Large Jaw
- Long Face
- Macroorchidism
Varicocele
- Dilation of Pampiniform Plexus Veins
- Soft Left-Sided Scrotal Mass
- Bag of Worms
- Increased Size with Standing or Valsalva
- Decreased Size while Supine
- Testicular Atrophy
- Subfertility
- Ultrasound
- Retrograde Venous Flow
- Surgical Gonadal Vein Ligation
- Scrotal Support
Cystinuria
- Defect of Renal Tubular Amino Acid Transporter
- C-O-L-A Acronym
- Cystine
- Ornithine
- Lysine
- Arginine
- Excess Cystine in Urine
- Hexagonal Crystals
- Staghorn Kidney Stones
- Cyanide Nitroprusside Test
- Acetazolamide to Alkalinize the Urine
Teratogens
- ACE-Inhibitors: Kidney Damage
- Aminoglycosides: Ototoxicity
- Lithium: Ebstein Anomaly
- Folate Antagonists: Neural Tube Defects
- Cocaine: Low Birth Weight
- Cocaine: Placental Abruption
- Vitamin A Excess: Spontaneous Abortion
- Vitamin A Excess: Cleft Palate
- X-Rays: Intellectual Disability
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
- Maternal Substance Abuse
- Withdrawal Symptoms in Neonate
- Diarrhea
- Irritability
- Sneezing
- Tremor
- Increased Moro Reflex
- Tachypnea
- Maternal Screening
- Nonpharmacologic Therapy
- Opioids
Neuroblastoma Diagnosis and Management
- 24-hour Urine Test
- Increased Catecholamines
- Increased Homovanillic and Vanillylmandelic Acid
- Ultrasound
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- Biopsy
- Small Round Blue Cells
- Homer-Wright Rosettes
- Bombesin Positive
- Neuron Specific Enolase Positive
- Local Excision
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation
Neuroblastoma Characteristics and Presentation
- Malignant Neuroendocrine Tumor
- Neural Crest Cells Origin
- Sympathetic Ganglia
- Adrenal Glands
- Amplification of N-myc Oncogene
- Most Common Cancer In Infancy
- Abdominal Mass That Can Cross Midline
- Gastrointestinal Distress
- Metastasis
- Raccoon Eyes
- Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome
Kearns-Sayre Syndrome
- Mitochondrial Disease
- Ophthalmoplegia
- Retinitis Pigmentosa
- Heart Block
Abusive Head Trauma (Shaken Baby Syndrome)
- Subdural Hemorrhage
- Retinal Hemorrhages
- Bruising and Fractures
- CT of Head
- Skeletal Survey
- Document Injuries
- Notify Child Protective Services