Medical-Surgical Nursing, 9th Ed., Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper & Bucher | Registered Nurse (RN) School Study Aid
Cholesterol Lab Values
- LDL (Low Density Cholesterol)
- < 100 mg/dL
- HDL (High Density Cholesterol)
- > 40 mg/dL Males
- > 50 mg/dL Females
- Total Cholesterol
- < 200 mg/dL
Statins
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Hepatotoxicity
- HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
- Decrease LDL
- Decrease Triglycerides
- Increase HDL
Ezetimibe
- Hyperlipidemia
- Cholesterol Absorption Blocker
- Decreases LDL
- Diarrhea
- Increased LFT Values
Vitamin B3 - Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)
- Decreases Triglycerides
- Decreases LDL
- Increases HDL
- Dyslipidemia
- Pellagra
- Diarrhea
- Dermatitis
- Dementia
- Flushing
- GI Distress
- Hepatotoxicity
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
- -statin Suffix
- HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
- High Cholesterol
- Hepatotoxicity
- Rash
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Myopathy
- Monitor Liver Enzymes
- Administer at Bedtime
- Avoid Grapefruit
Stable Angina
- Chest Pain with Exertion
- Relieved within 15 Minutes
- ST Depression
- Nitroglycerin
- Up to 3 Doses q 5 Minutes
- Rest
- Antiplatelet Medication
- CABG
- Angioplasty
Nitroglycerin
- Decreases Preload
- Angina
- Up to 3 doses q 5 mins
- Headache
- Hypotension
- Viagra (Sildenafil)
- Assess Blood Pressure
- Protect From Light
- Use Glass Bottle and Special Tubing
- Gloves for Applying Topically
Cardiovascular Effects of Beta-Blockers
- Cardiac Myocytes and Vasculature
- Decrease cAMP
- Decreases SA and AV Node Conduction Velocity
- Lower Blood Pressure
- Decrease O2 Consumption
- Decreases Mortality Post-MI
Clopidogrel (Plavix)
- ADP Receptor Antagonist
- Prevent Platelet Aggregation
- Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
- Prevention of Thrombotic Events
- Bleeding
- Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
- Pancytopenia
- Abdominal Pain
- Withhold Before Surgery
Warfarin Antidotes
- Vitamin K
- Fresh Frozen Plasma
Abciximab and Tirofiban (GP IIb/IIIa Inhibitors)
- IIb/IIIa Receptor Inhibitors
- Inhibits Platelet Aggregation
- Thrombotic Event Prevention
- Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
- Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)
- Bleeding
- Expensive
- Combination Drug Therapy
Calcium Channel Blockers (Verapamil and Diltiazem)
- Slows AV Conduction
- Angina Pectoris
- Arrhythmias
- Essential Hypertension
- Bradycardia
- Hypotension
- Constipation
- Peripheral Edema
- Gingival Hyperplasia
- Medication Education
Unstable Angina
- Chest Pain with Rest or Exertion
- Limits ADLs
- > 15 Minutes
- Less Likely Relieved by Nitroglycerin
- ST Depression
- Fatigue
- Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Treatment
- Emergency Treatment
Myocardial Infarction Assessment
- Substernal Chest Pain
- Crushing or Dull Sensation
- Arm, Jaw, and Neck
- > 20 Minutes
- Unrelieved by Nitro
- Palpitations
- Diaphoresis
- Fear of Impending Doom
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Shortness of Breath
- Monitor for Arrhythmias
Myocardial Infarction Diagnosis
- 12 Lead ECG
- ST Elevation
- Q Wave
- T Wave Inversion
- Troponin T and I
- CK-MB
- Early ECG
- Cardiac Stress Test
Myocardial Infarction Interventions
- Morphine
- Oxygen
- Nitrates
- Aspirin
- Thrombolytics (tPA)
- Cardiac Catheterization
- Stent Placement
- Angioplasty
- Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)
- Decrease Modifiable Risk Factors
- Resuming Activity (Physical, Sexual)
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)
- ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)
- Cardiovascular Disease (CAD)
- Uncontrolled Angina
- Internal Mammary Artery
- Saphenous (Leg) Vein
- Transient Limb Edema
- Closely Monitor Patients
- Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Prophylaxis
- Incentive Spirometer
ECG: Sinus Tachycardia
- > 100 bpm
- Regular
- Present, Upright, Every QRS
- < 0.20 seconds
- < 0.12 seconds
- Treat Underlying Cause