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Saunders Comprehensive Review For The NCLEX-RN Examination, 8 Ed. | Registered Nurse (RN) School Study Aid

NNRTI Drug Names

Nevirapine (Viramune)

Rilpivirine (Edurant)

Delavirdine (DLV, Rescriptor)

Efavirenz (EFV, Sustiva)

Etravirine (ETR, Intelence)

54 secs

NRTI Toxicity

Bone Marrow Suppression

Reverse with G-CSF and Erythropoietin

Rash

Neuropathy

Anemia

Pancreatitis

Lactic Acidosis

1 min

Azoles (Ketoconazole)

"-azole" suffix

Local and Less Serious Systemic Mycosis

Inhibits Ergosterol Synthesis

Inhibits P450

Liver Dysfunction

Inhibition of Testosterone Synthesis

1 min

Amphotericin B

Systemic Mycosis

Fungal Meningitis

Last Resort for Protozoan infections

Polyene

Binds Ergosterol

Forms Membrane Pores

1 min

Amphotericin B Side Effects & Toxicity

Fever/Chills "Shake and Bake"

Nephrotoxicity

Milder with Liposomes

Hypotension

Anemia

IV Phlebitis

Arrhythmias

1 min

Tacrolimus (Prograf) Overview

Immunosuppressant

Inhibits Calcineurin, Decreasing IL-2

Transplant Rejection

Atopic Dermatitis

Increased Lymphoma Risk

Avoid Grapefruit Juice

1 min

Tacrolimus (Prograf) Side Effects

Nephrotoxicity

Neurotoxicity

GI Distress

Infection

Hypertension

Hyperkalemia

Hyperglycemia

1 min

Methotrexate

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Cancer

Medical Abortion

Folic Acid Analog

Inhibits Dihydrofolate Reductase

Pulmonary Fibrosis

Myelosuppression is Treated with Leucovorin Rescue (Folinic Acid)

Macrocytic Anemia

Hepatitis

Teratogenic

Mucositis

2 mins

RhoGam [Rho(D) Immune Globulin]

Antepartum Prevention at 28 weeks

Suppress Antibody Production

Lysis of Fetal RBC in Maternal Bloodstream

Myalgia and Lethargy

Negative Coombs Test

Standard Dose 300 mcg

Microdose 50 mcg

Blood Product

2 mins

Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) Overview

Immunosuppressant

Inhibits Calcineurin, Decreasing IL-2

Prevent Transplant Rejection

Psoriasis

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Monitor Plasma Levels

Avoid Grapefruit Juice

Increased Risk of Lymphoma

2 mins

Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) Side Effects

Nephrotoxicity

Hepatotoxicity

Infection

Hypertension

Hirsutism

Tremor

Hyperkalemia

Hypomagnesemia

Gingival Hyperplasia

1 min

Aminoglycoside Overview

End in "-mycin"

Gentamicin

Neomycin

Amikacin

Tobramycin

Streptomycin

Bactericidal

Severe Gram Negative Infections

Bowel Surgery Prep

1 min

Aminoglycoside Side Effects

Ototoxicity

Nephrotoxicity

Respiratory Paralysis

Pregnancy

Peak and Trough

Never Mix with Penicillin in Same IV

2 mins

Cephalosporins

Starts with "Cef-"

Bactericidal

Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Infections

Allergic Reactions

Thrombophlebitis

Bleeding

Renal Impairment

Avoid IV Calcium with Ceftriaxone

No Alcohol

2 mins

Fluoroquinolones Toxicities

Diarrhea

Skin Rash

Headache

Tendon Rupture in Adults

Myalgias in Kids

Damage to Cartilage

Teratogen

QT Prolongation

1 min

Macrolides

Bacteriostatic

Bind to 23S rRNA of 50S Subunit

Inhibit Protein Synthesis by Blocking Translocation

Erythromycin

Azithromycin

Clarithromycin

Gram-Positive Cocci

Atypical Pneumonia

Chlamydia

Resistance by Methylation of 23S rRNA Binding

2 mins

Penicillin

Weakens Cell Wall

Gram-Positive Infections

Prophylaxis

Pain at IM Injection Site

Allergic Reaction

Skin Tests

Allergy ID

Medication Education

2 mins

Ampicillin and Amoxicillin

Aminopenicillin

Broad Spectrum Penicillin

Gram-Positive and Some Gram-Negative Infections

Rash

Diarrhea

No Effect Against Staph Aureus

Often combined with Beta Lactamase Inhibitor

Allergic Reaction

2 mins

Sulfonamides

Bacteriostatic

Urinary Tract Infection

Crystalluria

Photosensitivity

Hemolytic Anemia

Kernicterus

Rash

Sulfa Allergy

Encourage Fluids

2 mins

Sulfonamides Side Effects

Hypersensitivity

Nephrotoxicity

Photosensitivity

Kernicterus in Infants

Displaces Warfarin from Albumin

Hemolysis with G6PD Deficiency

3 mins

Tetracyclines Overview

End in "-cycline"

Bacteriostatic

Infectious Diseases

Acne

Periodontal Disease

Avoid Milk, Antacids, Iron

Sunlight Protection

1 min

Tetracyclines Side Effects

Superinfection

Clostridioides difficile

Discoloration of Teeth

Bone Deformities

Photosensitivity

Children Under 8

Pregnancy

1 min

Acyclovir (Zovirax)

Guanosine Analog

Inhibits Viral Replication

Thymidine Kinase Activation

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)

Headache

GI Distress

CNS Toxicity

Nephrotoxicity (Crystalline Nephropathy)

Prevents Recurrent Episodes

Slow IV Infusion

2 mins

Ganciclovir

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Immunocompromised

Guanosine Analog

Disrupts DNA Synthesis

Inhibits Viral DNA Polymerase

Hematologic Effects

Nephrotoxicity

1 min

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