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Wong's Nursing Care of Infants and Children, 11th Ed., Hockenberry, Wilson & Rogers | Registered Nurse (RN) School Study Aid

Age 2 Months - Developmental Milestones

Holds Head Up, But Unsteady

Moves Both Arms and Both Legs

Opens Hands Briefly

Tracks Objects to the Midline

Produces Sounds Aside from Crying

Reacts to Loud Noise

Social Smile

Recognizes Parents

Soothed When Spoken to or Picked Up

2 mins

Age 4 Months - Developmental Milestones

Keeps Head Steady Without Support

Pushes Up on Elbows While on Tummy

Holds a Toy in Hands

Moves Hands Towards Mouth

Cooing

Turns to Voice

Chuckles

Enjoys Looking Around

Looks at Hands With Interest

Opens Mouth When Hungry

2 mins

Age 6 Months - Developmental Milestones

Sits Propped Up On Hands

Rolls

Raking Grasp

Makes Squealing Noises

Blows "Raspberries"

Turn-Taking in Sounds

Laughs

Enjoys Looking at Self in a Mirror

Recognizes Familiar People

Closes Lips to Signal Fullness

Puts Objects in Mouth

Reaches for Desired Toys

2 mins

Age 9 Months - Developmental Milestones

Sits Up Independently

Transfers Objects Between Hands

Uses Fingers to Pull Food Toward Self

Produces Various Sounds Like "mamamama" and "bababababa"

Raises Arms to be Lifted Up

Separation Anxiety

Shows Facial Expressions

Looks When Calling Name

Smiles or Laughs at Peek-a-boo

Looks for Dropped Objects Out of Sight

Bangs Two Items Together

2 mins

Age 1 Year - Developmental Milestones

Pulls Up to Stand

First Steps

Drinks From an Open Cup with Assistance

Two-Finger Pincer Grasp

Understands “No”

Waves "Bye-Bye"

"Mama & Dada"

Plays Pat-A-Cake

Puts Block in Cup

Searches for Hidden Toys

2 mins

Age 18 Months - Developmental Milestones

Walks Independently

Climbs On/Off Furniture Without Help

Drinks from Open Cup Independently

Scribbles

Eats with Fingers

Tries to Use a Spoon

Stacks Three Blocks

Attempts Three-word Phrases

Follows One-step Commands

Checks While Moving Away

Points to Objects

Engages With Toys Simply

Copies Parent Doing Chores

Extends Hands for Washing

2 mins

Age 2 Years - Developmental Milestones

Kicks a Ball

Runs

Walks Up Stairs With Help

Stacks Six Blocks

Feeds Self With a Spoon

Two-Word Phrases

Points to Book Items as Prompted

Demonstrates Varied Gestures

Identifies Body Parts When Prompted

Shows Empathy

Holds and Manipulates Objects Simultaneously

Engages With Multiple Toys

2 mins

Age 3 Years - Developmental Milestones

Starts Dressing Independently

Rides Tricycle

Stack Nine Block Tower

Threads Items Together

Copies Circle

Uses Fork

Engages in Two-way Conversation

75% Speech Understood by Stranger

Says First Name

Avoids Hot Objects When Warned

Joins Other Kids in Play

2 mins

Age 4 Years - Developmental Milestones

Unbuttons Some Buttons

Catches a Large Ball

Serves Food or Pours Water With Help

Copies Line, Circle, Stick Figure

100% Speech Understandable

Identifies Colors

Cooperative Play

Imaginary Friends

Likes Being a “Helper”

Avoids Danger

2 mins

Age 5 Years - Developmental Milestones

Buttons Some Buttons

Hops on One Foot

Prints Letters

Counts to 10

Uses Simple Rhymes

>3 Back-and-forth Exchanges

Answers Simple Questions

Tells a Story

Names Some Letters When Pointed

Follows Rules

Sings, Dances, Acts

Does Simple Chores

2 mins

Religion and Dietary Preferences Overview

Buddhism

Natural Foods of Earth

Hinduism

Cow is Sacred

Islam (Muslim)

Halal Foods

No Alcohol

Judaism

Kosher Meals

No Pork or Shellfish

Mormonism (Latter Day Saints)

The Word of Wisdom

1 min

Vitamin A (Retinol)

Maintains Mucous Membranes

Eyes and Skin

Dietary Deficiency

Skin Disorders

Hepatosplenomegaly

Jaundice

Increased ICP

Vomiting

Teratogen

Animal Food Products

Dark Green and Orange Fruits/Vegetables

2 mins

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Dietary Deficiency

Beriberi

Wernicke-Korsakoff

Alcoholics Highest Risk

Give Before Glucose

Give IM or IV

Enriched Whole Grains

Pork

2 mins

Vitamin B3 - Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)

Decreases Triglycerides

Decreases LDL

Increases HDL

Dyslipidemia

Pellagra

Diarrhea

Dermatitis

Dementia

Flushing

GI Distress

Hepatotoxicity

2 mins

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

Amino Acid and Protein Metabolism

Heme Synthesis

Neurotransmitters

Adjunct to Isoniazid

Dietary Deficiency

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

Ataxia

Peripheral Neuropathy

Levodopa

Cereals and Meats

3 mins

Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)

Vitamin B12

Vitamin Deficiency

Pernicious Anemia

Hypokalemia

Arthralgia

Dizziness

IM Injection for Pernicious Anemia

Never Give IV

2 mins

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

Antioxidant

Collagen Formation

Steroid Synthesis

Dietary Deficiency

Scurvy

GI Distress

Citrus Fruits

May Improve Healing

2 mins

Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)

Vitamin D3

Dietary Supplement

Vitamin D Deficiency

Fatigue

Constipation

Hypercalcemia

Kidney Stones

More Effective Than Ergocalciferol

Hypervitaminosis D

2 mins

Vitamin E (Alpha-tocopherol)

Antioxidant

Fat Malabsorption Syndrome

Alpha-TTP Deficiency

Bleeding

Increased Risk Hemorrhagic Stroke

Limit Doses < 200 IU per Day

Nuts and Whole Grains

Vegetable Oils

2 mins

Calcium (Ca2+) Lab Value

8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL

26 secs

Potassium (K+) Lab Value

3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L

20 secs

Magnesium (Mg2+) Lab Value

1.5 to 2.5 mEq/L

28 secs

Blood Pressure Classification (JNC 7)

Normal

Systolic (<120)

Diastolic (< 80)

Prehypertension

Systolic +20 (120-139)

Diastolic +10 (80-89)

Stage 1 Hypertension

Systolic +20 (140-159)

Diastolic +10 (90-99)

Stage 2 Hypertension

Systolic + > 20 (160)

Diastolic + > 10 (100)

Hypertensive Crisis

Systolic > 180

Diastolic > 110

4 mins

Low Blood Pressure Response

Posterior Pituitary Releases Vasopressin

Vasoconstriction

Adrenal Cortex Releases Aldosterone

Increased Na+ and H2O Reabsorption

1 min

High Blood Pressure Response

Atria Release Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

Vasodilation

Antagonizes Aldosterone

Na+ and Water Excreted

1 min

Eye

Sclera

Cornea

Iris

Lens

Ciliary Muscles

Optic Nerve

Rods

Cones

Retina

1 min

Lung Sounds - Crackles

Lower Lobes

Fine/Coarse

Fine: Twisting Hair through Fingers

Coarse: Velcro

Collapsed Small Airways and Alveoli "Popping Open"

1 min

Lung Sounds - Rhonchi

Trachea and Bronchi

Low Pitched Rumbling

Gurgling

Narrowed Airway

Secretions or Bronchospasm

49 secs

Lung Sounds - Wheezes

Throughout Lung

High Pitched

Musical

Air Moving through Narrowed Airways

38 secs

Types of Hernias

Hiatal

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Inguinal

Men

Femoral

Women

Incisional

Umbilical

Strangulation

1 min

Hepatitis C (HCV) Assessment

Blood Transmission

High Risk Sex (rare)

IV Drug Users

7 Weeks

Cirrhosis

Barrier Protection

2 mins

Testes

FSH Stimulates Sertoli Cells

Inhibin B Release

LH Stimulates Leydig Cells

Leydig Cells Secrete Testosterone

Testosterone Causes Male Development

2 mins

Scoliosis

S Shaped Lateral Spinal Rotation

Unequal Shoulder and Scapula Height

Uneven Gait

Impaired Oxygenation

Hump when Bending Forward

Body Braces

Worn 23 Hours/Day

Surgery

Adolescent Screening

3 mins

Cranial Nerve Function

CN I

CN II

CN VIII

CN III

CN IV

CN VI

CN XI

CN XII

CN V

CN VII

CN IX

CN X

1 min

CN I

Olfactory Nerve

Sensory

Smell

36 secs

CN II

Optic Nerve

Sensory

Vision

35 secs

CN III

Oculomotor Nerve

Motor

Eye Movement

Accommodation

Eyelid Opening

Pupillary Constriction

1 min

CN IV

Trochlear Nerve

Motor

Abducts, Depresses, Internally Rotates

48 secs

CN V

Trigeminal Nerve

Sensory

Facial Sensation

Motor Function (Via Mandibular Nerve)

Mastication Muscles

1 min

CN VI

Abducens Nerve

Motor

Abducts Eye

48 secs

CN VII

Facial Nerve

Lacrimation

Salivation

Sensory

Taste from Anterior 2/3 of Tongue

Motor

Facial Movement

Stapedius Muscle

Eyelid Closing

1 min

CN VIII

Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Sensory

Hearing

Balance

55 secs

CN IX

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Sensory

Taste from Posterior 1/3 of Tongue

Monitoring Carotid Body and Sinus

Motor

Stylopharyngeus

Swallowing

Salivation

1 min

CN X

Vagus Nerve

Sensory

Aortic Arch Chemoreceptors and Baroreceptors

Taste from Epiglottic Region

Motor

Swallowing

Palate Elevation

Talking

Coughing

Midline Uvula

1 min

CN XI

Accessory Nerve

Motor

Head Turning

Shoulder Shrugging

36 secs

CN XII

Hypoglossal Nerve

Motor

Tongue Movement

34 secs

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