Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Assessment
- Relaxed Lower Esophageal Sphincter
- Dyspepsia (Indigestion)
- Belching
- Nighttime Coughing
- Dysphagia
- Epigastric Pain
- Regurgitation
- Heartburn (Pyrosis)
- Globus
Eosinophilic Esophagitis
- History of Atopic Disease
- Dysphagia
- Endoscopy with Biopsy
- Eosinophilic Infiltrate
- Unresponsive to GERD Therapy
- Elimination Diet
- Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
- Topical Glucocorticoids
Types of Hernias
- Hiatal
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
- Inguinal
- Men
- Femoral
- Women
- Incisional
- Umbilical
- Strangulation
Hernia Interventions
- Reduce Intra Abdominal Pressure
- Avoid Straining and Lifting
- Open Mouth Sneezing
- Excision
- Herniorrhaphy
- Hernioplasty
- Scrotal Support
Barrett's Esophagus
- Metaplasia in Lower Esophagus
- Columnar Epithelium
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
- Esophagitis
- Esophageal Ulcers
- Increased Risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk Factors and Presentation
- Most Common Esophageal Cancer Worldwide
- Upper 2/3 of Esophagus
- Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
- Alcohol
- Smoking
- Poor Diet
- Achalasia
- Progressive Dysphagia
- Weight Loss
- Anemia
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis and Management
- Endoscopy with Biopsy
- Barium Swallow
- "Apple Core" Appearance
- Ultrasound
- CT Scan
- Chemotherapy and Radiation
- Surgery
- Esophageal Stenosis
- Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF)
- Poor Prognosis
Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Characteristics and Presentation
- Most Common Esophageal Cancer in USA
- Lower 1/3 of Esophagus
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
- Barrett's Esophagus
- Achalasia
- Obesity
- Smoking
- Weight Loss
- Progressive Dysphagia
- Anemia
Achalasia
- Failure to Relax Lower Esophageal Sphincter
- Malignancies
- Chagas Disease
- Loss of Auerbach Plexus
- Dysphagia to Solids & Liquids
- Barium Swallow
- Bird's Beak Appearance
- Manometry
- Increased Risk Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Zenker Diverticulum
- False Diverticulum
- Junction of Pharynx and Esophagus
- Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor
- Dysphagia
- Regurgitation of Undigested Food
- Halitosis
- Barium Swallow
- Surgical Repair
Diffuse Esophageal Spasm
- Spontaneous and Uncoordinated Muscle Spasms
- Dysphagia
- Chest Pain
- Manometry
- Corkscrew Appearance on Barium Swallow
- Avoid Triggers
- Calcium Channel Blockers
- Nitrates
- Surgery
Boerhaave Syndrome
- Esophageal Rupture
- Increased Esophageal Pressure while Vomiting
- Lower 1/3 of Esophagus
- Chest Pain
- Odynophagia
- Subcutaneous Emphysema
- Shock
- Surgical Emergency
Mallory-Weiss
- Bleeding From Tears in Mucosa
- Forceful Vomiting
- Alcoholism
- Eating Disorders (Bulimia)
- Painful Hematemesis
- Endoscopy
- Observation
Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
- Dysphagia
- Esophageal Webs
- Glossitis
- Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Squamous Cell Cancer of Esophagus
Esophageal Stricture
- Caustic Ingestion
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
- Esophagitis
- Schatzki Rings
- Dysphagia
- Weight Loss
- Barium Swallow
- Endoscopy
- Esophageal Dilation
- Proton Pump Inhibitors
Esophageal Varices
- Cirrhosis
- Portal Hypertension
- Left Gastric Vein and Esophageal Veins
- Hematemesis
- Melena
- Hypotension
- IV Fluids
- Antibiotics
- Octreotide
- Endoscopic Band Ligation or Sclerotherapy
- Balloon Tamponade
- Nonselective Beta Blockers
- Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)