Gastroenteritis
- Viruses
- Bacteria
- Food Intolerances
- Flu-Like Symptoms
- GI Distress
- Bloody Stool
- Oral Rehydration
- Self-Limiting
- Prevention
Norovirus
- Calicivirus
- RNA Virus
- Non-enveloped
- Icosahedral
- SS Positive Linear
- Acute Gastroenteritis
- Supportive Therapy
- Often found in Cruise Ships
Rotavirus
- Reovirus
- Non-enveloped
- Double-Stranded
- RNA Virus
- Linear
- 11 Segments
- Triple Icosahedral Capsid
- Most Common Cause of Diarrhea Worldwide
- Villous Atrophy
- Winter Months
- Day Care Centers
- Oral Rehydration
Bacillus Cereus Disease
- Emetic Form
- Short Incubation (1-6 Hours)
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Diarrheal Form
- Long Incubation (8-16 Hours)
- Diarrhea and GI Pain
Bacillus Cereus Characteristics
- Gram-Positive
- Bacilli
- Endospore Forming
- B Hemolytic
- Toxins and Enterotoxins
- Reheated Rice
E. coli Overview
- Gram-Negative
- Bacillus
- Purple Colony with Metallic Green Sheen
- Lactose-Fermenting
- Pink on MacConkey Agar
- Diarrhea
- Lipid A Septic Shock
- P Pili Pyelonephritis and Cystitis
- K Capsule Neonatal Meningitis
- K Capsule Pneumonia
- H Antigen Flagella
Vibrio Cholera Disease
- ADP Ribosylating AB Toxin
- Turn Gs on Causing Increase in cAMP
- Secretion of Cl
- Blocks Reabsorption of Na
- Rice Water Diarrhea
Vibrio Cholera Characteristics
- Gram-Negative
- Bacilli
- Glucose Fermenting
- Non-lactose Fermenting
- Oxidase Positive
- Comma Shaped
- Thrives in Alkaline Environment
- Crustaceans
Clostridioides difficile (Clostridium difficile)
- Gram-Positive
- Bacillus
- Anaerobe
- Clindamycin and Ampicillin
- Toxin A Enterotoxin
- Damages Brush Border of Gut
- Toxin B Cytotoxin
- Damages Cytoskeletal Structure
- Diarrhea
- Pseudomembranous Colitis
- Toxic Megacolon
- Detect Toxins in Stool
- Metronidazole
- Vancomycin
Clostridium difficile (Clostridioides difficile) Treatments
- Oral Vancomycin
- Fidaxomicin
- Metronidazole
- Stool Transplant
Yersinia Enterocolitica
- Gram-Negative
- Bacilli
- Non-lactose Fermenting
- Non-H2S Producing
- Oxidase-Negative
- Day Care Centers
- Pork
- Raw Milk
- Pet (Puppy) Feces
- Bloody Diarrhea
- Mesenteric Adenitis
- Granulomatous Microabscess in Mesenteric Lymph Nodes
- Pseudoappendicitis (Mimics)
- Reactive Arthritis
Campylobacter jejuni
- Gram-Negative
- Bacillus
- Flagella
- Curved
- Corkscrew Appearance
- Oxidase-Positive
- Grows Well at 42 Degrees
- Undercooked Meat
- Unpasteurized Milk
- Animals with Diarrhea
- Bloody Diarrhea
- Guillain-Barre syndrome
- Reactive Arthritis
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli (EHEC)
- O157:H7
- Non-Sorbitol Fermenting
- Hamburger Meat
- Produces Shiga-like Toxin
- Gram-negative
- Lysogeny
- Inactivates 60S Ribosome
- Bloody Diarrhea
- Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Acute Renal Failure
- Thrombocytopenia
Salmonella Typhi
- Colonizes Gallbladder
- Monocytic Immune Response
- Typhoid Fever
- Abdominal Pain
- Rose Spots on Abdomen
- Constipation Followed by Diarrhea
- Ceftriaxone
- Fluoroquinolones
- Oral Vaccine - Live
- IM Vaccine - Capsular Polysaccharide
Shigella
- Gram-Negative
- Bacilli
- Non Lactose Fermenting
- White on Macconkey Agar
- Oxidase Negative
- Non H2S Producing
- Day Care Centers
- High Virulence
- Replicates Intracellularly
- Actin Rocket
- Bloody Diarrhea
- Shiga Toxin
- Inhibits 60S Ribosome
- Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Thrombocytopenia
- Kidney Failure
Giardia lamblia
- Protozoa
- Ingestion of Cysts
- Seen in Campers
- Daycare Centers
- Mental Hospitals
- Infects Small Intestine
- Bloating
- Flatulence
- Fatty Diarrhea
- Crescent-shaped Protozoa Adjacent to Epithelial Brush Border
- Predisposed if Low IgA
- Metronidazole
Entamoeba histolytica
- Protozoa
- Amebiasis
- Ingestion of Cysts in Food and Water
- Bloody Diarrhea
- Flask-Shaped Ulcer
- Liver Abscess
- Anchovy Paste
- RUQ Pain
- RBCs in Cytoplasm of Trophozoite
- Cyst With Four Nuclei
- Metronidazole
- Iodoquinol
Whipple's Disease
- Tropheryma Whipplei
- Gram-Positive
- Middle-aged, Caucasian men and Farmers
- Malabsorption
- Mesenteric Nodes
- Arthralgias
- Cardiac Symptoms
- Neurologic Symptoms
- PAS-positive Foamy Macrophages