G6PD Deficiency
- X-linked Recessive
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Inflammatory Response
- Fava Beans
- Sulfonamides
- Primaquine
- Anti TB Drugs
- Heinz Bodies
- Bite Cells
- Prevalent Among African Americans due to Increased Malarial Resistance
G6PD Mechanism
- Turns NADP+ to NADPH
- NADPH Used by Glutathione Reductase
- Detoxifies Free Radicals and Peroxides
- X-linked Recessive
Paget's Disease of Bone
- Men > Age 40
- Increased Osteoblast and Osteoclast activity
- Mosaic Pattern
- Increased Skull Diameter
- Hearing Loss
- Fractures
- Bone Ache and Joint Pain
- High Output Heart Failure
- Bone Scan
- Normal Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Calcium
- Elevated ALP
- Bisphosphonate
- Calcitonin
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
- Decreased Phenylalanine Hydroxylase
- Decreased Tetrahydrobiopterin Cofactor
- Autosomal Recessive
- Tyrosine Becomes Essential
- Phenylalanine Found in Nutrasweet
- Musty or Mousy Body Odor
- Growth Retardation
- Seizures
- Intellectual Disability
- Hypopigmentation
Vitamin C Mechanism and Deficiency
- Ascorbic acid
- Antioxidant
- Protects Against Free Radicals
- Keeps Iron in Reduced State
- Hydroxylation of Proline and Lysine
- Necessary for Dopamine B Hydroxylase
- Scurvy
- Swollen Gums
- Bruising
- Poor Wound Healing
- Hemarthrosis
- Perifollicular Hemorrhages
- Anemia
Vitamin D Deficiency
- Rickets in children
- Bending bones
- Rachitic rosary
- Breast milk has decreased vitamin D
- Osteomalacia in adults
- Tetany from Hypocalcemia
Vitamin A (Retinol)
- Maintains Mucous Membranes
- Eyes and Skin
- Dietary Deficiency
- Skin Disorders
- Hepatosplenomegaly
- Jaundice
- Increased ICP
- Vomiting
- Teratogen
- Animal Food Products
- Dark Green and Orange Fruits/Vegetables
Vitamin A (Retinol) Toxicity
- Alopecia
- Vision Changes
- Headache
- Skin Changes
- Hyperlipidemia
- Hepatotoxicity
- Arthralgias
- Teratogen
- Cleft palate
- Cardiac Abnormalities
Vitamin A (Retinol) Function and Deficiency
- Retinol
- Constituent of Visual Pigments
- Differentiation of Epithelial Cells into Specialized Tissue
- Night Blindness
- Dry Skin
- Used to Treat Measles
- Antioxidant
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Mechanism and Deficiency
- Cobalamin
- Large reserve pool in the liver
- Homocysteine to methionine
- Methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA
- Macrocytic Megaloblastic Anemia
- Hypersegmented Neutrophils
- Neurologic defects
- Posterior column
- Lateral corticospinal tract
- Spinocerebellar tract
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency Causes
- Vegans
- Pernicious Anemia
- Gastric Bypass Surgery
- Malabsorption
- Sprue
- Enteritis
- Crohn's Disease
- Diphyllobothrium latum
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
- Carbohydrate Metabolism
- Dietary Deficiency
- Beriberi
- Wernicke-Korsakoff
- Alcoholics Highest Risk
- Give Before Glucose
- Give IM or IV
- Enriched Whole Grains
- Pork
Beriberi (Thiamine Deficiency)
- Thiamine Deficiency
- Dry Beriberi
- Polyneuritis
- Muscle Wasting
- Wet Beriberi
- Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- Edema
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
- Derived from Tryptophan
- Synthesis Requires Vitamin B6
- Constituent of NAD+
- Hartnup Disease
- Carcinoid Syndrome
- Pellagra
- Diarrhea
- Dermatitis
- Dementia
- Glossitis
- Flushing
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
- Amino Acid and Protein Metabolism
- Heme Synthesis
- Neurotransmitters
- Adjunct to Isoniazid
- Dietary Deficiency
- Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
- Ataxia
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Levodopa
- Cereals and Meats
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) Deficiency
- Deficiency From Isoniazid
- Deficiency From Oral Contraceptives
- Seizures
- Hyperirritability
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Sideroblastic Anemia