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Pathology | Physician Assistant (PA) School Study Aid
Nerve Palsies - Klumpke's Palsy
- Nerve
- C8 to T1 Roots
- Lower Trunk
- Causes
- Upward Arm Force during Delivery
- Adult Trauma
- Grabbing Tree Branch to Break a Fall
- Muscle Affected
- Intrinsic Hand Muscles
- Presentation
- Claw Hand
1 min
Nerve Palsies - Erb's Palsy (Waiter's tip)
- Nerves
- C5-C6 Roots
- Superior (Upper) Trunk
- Causes
- Lateral Traction on Neck during Delivery
- Trauma in Adults
- Functional Deficit
- Deltoid
- Infraspinatus
- Biceps Brachii
- Presentation
- Waiter's Tip Deformity
2 mins
Nerve Palsies - Winged Scapula
- Nerve
- Long Thoracic Nerve
- Causes
- Axillary Node Dissection in Mastectomy
- Stab Wound
- Muscle Affected
- Serratus Anterior
- Functional Deficit
- Scapula Cannot Anchor to Thorax
- Presentation
- Inability to Raise Arm Above Head
1 min
Nerve Palsies - Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
- Nerve
- Compression of Brachial Plexus
- Compression of Subclavian Vessels
- Causes
- Cervical Rib Abnormality
- Trauma
- Weight Lifters
- Pancoast Tumor
- Presentation
- Edema
- Claw Hand
- Pain
1 min
Nerve Palsies - Pope's Blessing
- Nerve
- Proximal Median Nerve
- Causes
- Supracondylar Fracture of Humerus
- Functional Deficit
- Loss of Flexion of Thumb, Pointer and Middle Finger
- Presentation
- Trouble Making a Fist
- Hand Resembles Popes Blessing on Flexion
- Complications
- Atrophy of Thenar Eminence
1 min
Nerve Palsies - Median Claw
- Nerve
- Distal Median Nerve
- Causes
- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
- Deficit
- Unable to Extend Thumb, Pointer and Middle Finger
- Presentation
- Clawing of Digits 1-3
- Tinels Sign
- Phalens Sign
- Complication
- Atrophy of Thenar Eminence
2 mins
Nerve Palsies - OK Gesture
- Nerve
- Proximal Ulnar Nerve
- Causes
- Fracture Medial Epicondyle of Humerus (proximal injury)
- Deficit
- Unable to Flex 4th and 5th Digits
- Presentation
- Trouble Making a Fist
- Resembles OK gesture
- Complication
- Hypothenar Atrophy
2 mins
Nerve Palsies - Ulnar Claw
- Nerve
- Distal Ulnar Nerve
- Causes
- Fracture Hook of Hamate (distal injury)
- Cyclists
- Compression Guyon's Canal
- Functional Deficit
- Unable to Extend 4th and 5th Digits
- Presentation
- Hand Resembles Ulnar Claw on Extension
- Complications
- Atrophy of Hypothenar Eminence
1 min
CN V Motor Lesion
- CN V motor lesion
- Jaw Deviates Toward Side of Lesion
- Unopposed Force From The Opposite Pterygoid Muscle
- Muscles of Mastication
56 secs
Facial Nerve Lesions
- Etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Sarcoidosis
- Tumors
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- Bell's palsy
- Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)
- Lyme Disease
- Treatment
- Corticosteroids
- Acyclovir
2 mins
CN X Lesion
- Uvula Deviation To Contralateral Side
- Impaired Gag Reflex
- Difficulty Swallowing
- Hoarse Voice
- Impaired Coughing
- Aspiration Pneumonia
2 mins
CN XII Lesion (Hypoglossal Nerve)
- Medulla
- Tongue Deviated Toward Lesion
- Paralysis
- Fasciculations
- Atrophy
1 min
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