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Karch’s Focus on Nursing Pharmacology, 9th Ed., Tucker/
Chapter 10: Antiviral AgentsAce Your Karch’s Focus on Nursing Pharmacology, 9th Ed., Tucker Classes and Exams with Picmonic: #1 Visual Mnemonic Study Tool for Registered Nurse (RN) Students
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Karch’s Focus on Nursing Pharmacology, 9th Ed., Tucker | Registered Nurse (RN) School Study Aid
Zanamivir (Relenza) and Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
- Indications
- Influenza A and B
- Treatment and Prophylaxis
- Mechanism
- Inhibits Release of New Virus
- Inhibits Influenza Neuraminidase
1 min
Influenza Virus
- Characteristics
- RNA Virus
- Orthomyxovirus
- Enveloped
- Negative Sense
- 8 Segments
- Helical
- Hemagglutinin for Viral Entry
- Neuraminidase for Virion Release
- Genetic Shift
- Reassortment of genome to cause major change
- Genetic Drift
- Minor Antigenic Mutations
- Considerations
- Reye Syndrome with Aspirin Use
- Guillain-Barre Syndrome
3 mins
Influenza
- Assessment
- High Fever
- Cough
- Headache
- Muscle Aches
- Chills
- Intervention
- Vaccination
- Drug Therapy
- Zanamivir (Relenza)
- Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
2 mins
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- Characteristics
- Enveloped
- Double Stranded DNA
- Linear
- Signs and Symptoms
- Type 1 HSV
- Gingivostomatitis
- Keratoconjunctivitis
- Encephalitis of Temporal Lobes
- Latent in Trigeminal Ganglia
- Type 2 HSV
- Genital Vesicles
- Neonatal Herpes
- TORCHES
- Latent in Sacral Ganglia
- Diagnosis
- Tzanck Test
- Multinucleated Giant Cells
- Cowdry A Inclusions
- Treatment
- Acyclovir
2 mins
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Characteristics
- Enveloped
- Double Stranded DNA
- Herpesvirus 5
- Diagnosis
- Non Heterophile Antibodies
- Owl's eye inclusions
- Signs and Symptoms
- Congenital TORCH infection
- Mononucleosis
- Pneumonia
- AIDS retinitis and esophagitis
- Infection in transplant recipients
2 mins
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) TORCH
- Signs and Symptoms
- Nonspecific TORCH symptoms
- Intrauterine Growth Restriction (Retardation)
- Deafness
- Microcephaly
- Seizures
- Periventricular Calcifications
- Petechial Rash
- Blueberry Muffin Rash
- Chorioretinitis
- Diagnosis
- Urine Viral Culture or PCR
2 mins
Genital Herpes
- Mechanism
- Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 (HSV)
- Assessment
- May Be Asymptomatic
- Oral or Genital Lesions
- Vesicles in Clusters
- Pain
- Flu-like Symptoms
- Antiviral Medications
- Acyclovir
- Valacyclovir
- Famciclovir
- Considerations
- Infectious During Recurrences
2 mins
Acyclovir (Zovirax)
- Mechanism
- Guanosine Analog
- Inhibits Viral Replication
- Thymidine Kinase Activation
- Indications
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)
- Side Effects (Oral)
- Headache
- GI Distress
- Side Effects (IV)
- CNS Toxicity
- Nephrotoxicity (Crystalline Nephropathy)
- Considerations
- Prevents Recurrent Episodes
- Slow IV Infusion
2 mins
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Diagnosis
- HIV-1/2 Antigen/Antibody Immunoassay
- HIV-1/2 Antibody Differentiation Immunoassay
- Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT)
- Viral Load
- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in Neonates
3 mins
Ganciclovir
- Indications
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Immunocompromised
- Mechanism
- Guanosine Analog
- Disrupts DNA Synthesis
- Inhibits Viral DNA Polymerase
- Side Effects
- Hematologic Effects
- Nephrotoxicity
1 min
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Interventions
- Interventions
- Adequate Nutrition
- Small Frequent Meals
- IV Hydration
- Emotional Support
- HIV Medications
- HAART
- Considerations
- Transmission Education
- Strict Asepsis for Invasive Procedures
- Treat Opportunistic Infections
2 mins
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Stages
- Primary Infection
- Within 3 Weeks
- Flu-like Symptoms
- Asymptomatic Stage
- Years
- Symptomatic Stage
- CD4+ < 500
- AIDS
- Opportunistic Infections
- CD4+ < 200
2 mins
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Assessment
- Assessment
- RNA Retrovirus
- CD4+ Helper T Cells
- Primary Infection
- Flu-like Symptoms
- Lymphadenopathy
- Symptomatic Stage
- Fatigue
- Diarrhea
- Unexplained Weight Loss
- White Spots on Tongue
- Persistent Fever
- Night Sweats
2 mins
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Assessment
- Mechanism
- Viral Infection Affecting Epithelial Cells
- Signs and Symptoms
- Begins After a Upper Respiratory Infection
- Copious Secretions
- Coughing and Sneezing
- Wheezing
- Otitis Media or Conjunctivitis (Possible Ear or Eye Drainage)
- Poor Feeding
- Tachypnea
2 mins
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Interventions
- Prophylaxis
- Palivizumab (Synagis)
- Management
- Hospitalization
- Contact Precautions
- Oxygen
- Separate Room
- Maintain Fluid Intake
- Short-acting Beta-Agonist Bronchodilator
2 mins
Hepatitis C
- Characteristics
- Enveloped
- RNA Virus
- Flavivirus
- Icosahedral
- SS positive Linear
- Clinical Features
- Most Cases are Due to IV Drug Use
- Turns to Chronic Hepatitis in Over 70% of Cases
- Cirrhosis
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- Most Common Indication for Liver Transplantation
- Associated With Type I MPGN
- Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
2 mins
Hepatitis A
- Characteristics
- Picornavirus
- 4 Week Incubation Period
- Fecal-oral
- Day Care Centers
- Travel to Developing Countries
- Signs and Symptoms
- Usually Asymptomatic
- Acute Disease
- Jaundice
- Fever
- Vomiting
2 mins
Foscarnet
- Indications
- CMV Retinitis
- Acyclovir-resistant HSV
- Mechanism
- Does Not Require Activation (by Viral Kinase)
- Inhibits Viral DNA Polymerase
- Pyrophosphate Analog
- Resistance through Mutated DNA Polymerase
- Side Effects
- Nephrotoxicity
- Electrolyte Abnormalities
- Hypokalemia
- Hypocalcemia
- Hypomagnesemia
2 mins
Fusion Inhibitors
- Indications
- HIV
- Drugs
- Maraviroc
- Binds CCR-5 on T Cells
- Blocks Interaction with gp120
- Enfuvirtide
- Binds gp41
- Inhibits Viral Entry
- Side Effects
- Skin Reactions at Injection Sites (Enfuvirtide)
2 mins
Integrase Inhibitors
- -gravir Suffix
- Indications
- HIV
- Mechanism
- Blocks Insertion of Viral Genome
- Inhibit Actions of Integrase
- Side Effects
- Hypercholesterolemia
- Increased LFT's
- Insomnia
- Increased Creatine Kinase (CK)
1 min
NRTIs for HIV (Drug Names)
- Nucleoside Analog
- DEALSZ
- Didanosine (DDI)
- Emtricitabine (FTC)
- Abacavir (ABC)
- Lamivudine (3TC)
- Stavudine (d4T)
- Zidovudine (ZDV)
- Nucleotide Analog
- Tenofovir (TDF)
2 mins
Cidofovir
- Indications
- CMV Retinitis
- Acyclovir-Resistant HSV
- Mechanism
- Inhibits Viral DNA Polymerase
- Side Effects
- Nephrotoxicity
- Administer with Probenecid and IV Saline
1 min
NNRTI Drug Names
- Nevirapine (Viramune)
- Rilpivirine (Edurant)
- Delavirdine (DLV, Rescriptor)
- Efavirenz (EFV, Sustiva)
- Etravirine (ETR, Intelence)
54 secs
NRTIs (Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors)
- Indications
- HIV
- Pregnancy and Prophylaxis given ZDV
- Mechanism
- Inhibit Nucleotide Binding to Reverse Transcriptase
- Chain Termination
- Require Phosphorylation
1 min
NNRTIs (Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors)
- Indications
- HIV
- Mechanism
- Do Not Require Intracellular Metabolism
- Inhibits Reverse Transcriptase
- Side Effects
- Rash
- Hepatotoxicity
- Vivid Dreams and CNS Symptoms
- Contraindication
- Pregnancy
2 mins
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