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Pharmacology | Physician Assistant (PA) School Study Aid
Benzodiazepines Overview
- Indications
- First Line for Status Epilepticus
- Anesthesia Induction
- Anxiety
- Eclampsia
- Detoxification
- Mechanism of Action
- '-zepam' and '-zolam" Suffix
- Increase Frequency of Cl- Channel Opening
- Side Effects
- Decrease REM Sleep
- CNS Depression
- Dependence
- Antidote
- Flumazenil for Overdose
2 mins
Short-acting Benzodiazepines
- Mnemonic
- ATOM
- Drug Names
- Alprazolam
- Triazolam
- Oxazepam
- Midazolam
- Indications
- Anesthesia Induction
- Insomnia
- Anxiety
- Considerations
- Half-life < 12 Hours
- Dependence
2 mins
Benzodiazepine Antidote
- Antidote
- Flumazenil
40 secs
Barbiturates
- Barb- Drug Names
- Indications
- Seizure Treatment
- Anesthesia Induction
- Mechanism of Action
- Increased Duration of Cl- Channel Opening
- Decrease Neuron Firing
- Side Effects
- Sedation
- Cardiovascular and Respiratory Depression
- CNS Depression
- P450 inducer
2 mins
Phenobarbital (Barbiturates)
- Mechanism
- Barbiturate
- Indications
- Seizures
- Side Effects
- Ataxia
- Paradoxical Excitement
- Fatigue/Drowsiness
- Considerations
- Monitor Plasma Levels
- High Potential for Abuse
1 min
Phenytoin
- Indications
- Status Epilepticus
- Tonic-Clonic Seizures
- Mechanism of Action
- Blocks Na+ Channel Activation
- Inhibition of Glutamate Release
- Class IB Antiarrhythmic
- Side Effects
- Teratogenic
- Macrocytic Megaloblastic Anemia
- Induce Cytochrome P450
- Drug-induced Lupus
- Neuropathy
- Hirsutism
- Gingival Hyperplasia
1 min
Valproic Acid
- Indications
- First Line Tonic-Clonic Seizure Treatment
- Bipolar Disorder
- Migraine Prophylaxis
- Mechanism of Action
- Increases GABA Concentration
- Blocks Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels
- Side Effect
- GI Distress
- Contraindication
- Contraindicated in Pregnancy
1 min
Valproic Acid (Valproate) Side Effects
- V-A-L-P-R-O-A-T-E
- Vomiting
- Alopecia
- Liver Toxicity
- Pancreatitis/Pancytopenia
- Retain Fat (Weight Gain)
- Oedema (Edema)
- Appetite Increase
- Tremor
- Enzyme Inhibitor (P450)
2 mins
Topiramate
- Indications
- Seizure Treatment
- Migraine Prophylaxis
- Mechanism of Action
- Increase GABA Action
- Blocks Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels
- Side Effects
- Kidney Stones
- Weight Loss
- Sedation
1 min
Carbamazepine
- Indications
- First-line Seizure Medication
- First Line for Trigeminal Neuralgia
- Mechanism of Action
- Stabilizes Inactive State of Na+ Channels
- Side Effects
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
- Induce Cytochrome P450
- Teratogen
- Hepatotoxicity
- Blood Dyscrasias
2 mins
Lamotrigine
- Indications
- Seizure Treatment
- Bipolar Disorder
- Mechanism of Action
- Blocks Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels
- Side Effect
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
1 min
Ethosuximide
- Indications
- First Line Absence Seizure Treatment
- Mechanism of Action
- Blocks Thalamic T-Type Ca2+ Channels
- Side Effects
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
- Fatigue
- Diarrhea
32 secs
Vigabatrin and Tiagabine
- Mechanisms
- Increases GABA Concentration
- Inhibits GABA Degradation (Vigabatrin)
- Inhibits GABA Reuptake (Tiagabine)
- Indications
- Infantile Spasms
- Partial (Focal) Seizure
- Side Effects
- Permanent Visual Loss (Vigabatrin)
1 min
Pregabalin (Lyrica)
- Mechanism
- GABA Analog
- Indications
- Seizures
- Neuropathic Pain
- Fibromyalgia
- Side Effects
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Somnolence (Fatigue)
- Weight Gain
- Angioedema
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Considerations
- Dependence
1 min
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